Promethium
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General properties | |||||
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Name, symbol | Promethium, Pm | ||||
Pronunciation |
/proʊˈmiːθiəm/ (proh-MEE-thee-əm) | ||||
Appearance | Metallic | ||||
Promethium in the periodic table | |||||
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Atomic number | 61 | ||||
Standard atomic weight (Ar) | |||||
Group, block | n/a; f-block | ||||
Period | period 6 | ||||
Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 | ||||
per shell | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 | ||||
Physical properties | |||||
Phase | Solid | ||||
Melting point | 1315 K (1042 °C, 1908 °F) | ||||
Boiling point | 3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) | ||||
Density near r.t. | 7.26 g/cm3 | ||||
Heat of fusion | 7.13 kJ/mol | ||||
Heat of | 289 kJ/mol | ||||
Atomic properties | |||||
Oxidation states | +2, +3 | ||||
energies |
1st: 540 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 2150 kJ/mol | ||||
Atomic radius | empirical: 183 pm | ||||
Covalent radius | 199 pm | ||||
Miscellanea | |||||
Crystal structure | | ||||
Thermal expansion | 9.0 µm/(m·K) (at room temperature) | ||||
Thermal conductivity | 17.9 W/(m·K) | ||||
Electrical resistivity | 0.75 Ω·m (at 20 °C) (estimated) | ||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic | ||||
Young's modulus | α form: est. 46 GPa | ||||
Shear modulus | α form: est. 18 GPa | ||||
Bulk modulus | α form: est. 33 GPa | ||||
Poisson ratio | α form: est. 0.28 GPa | ||||
CAS Registry Number | 7440-12-2 | ||||
History | |||||
Discovery | Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe (1942) | ||||
First isolation | Charles D. Coryell, Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin (1945) | ||||
Named by | Grace Mary Coryell (1945) | ||||
Promethium is an extremely radioactive lanthanide. It is one of two elements with no stable isotopes before bismuth, the other being technetium.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
The chemistry of promethium is very similar to that of other lanthanides.
Physical
Availability
Promethium is extremely hard to find, but some sellers do exist. It's very expensive.
Isolation
To do
Projects
- Element collection
Handling
Safety
To do
Storage
To do
Disposal
To do