Difference between revisions of "Tert-Butanol"
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(Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:''tert''-Butanol}} {{Stub}} {{Chembox | Name = ''tert''-Butanol | Reference = | IUPACName = 2-Methylpropan-2-ol | PIN = | SystematicName = | OtherNames = 2-Meth...") |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| DeltaGf = | | DeltaGf = | ||
| − | | DeltaHc = | + | | DeltaHc = −2.64479–−2.64321 MJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | | DeltaHf = | + | | DeltaHf = −360.04–−358.36 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | | Entropy = | + | | Entropy = 189.5 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
| − | | HeatCapacity = | + | | HeatCapacity = 215.37 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> |
}} | }} | ||
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | | Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | ||
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| AutoignitionPt = 480 °C | | AutoignitionPt = 480 °C | ||
| − | | ExploLimits = | + | | ExploLimits = 2.4–8.0% |
| − | | ExternalMSDS = | + | | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923195 ScienceLab] |
| FlashPt = 11 °C | | FlashPt = 11 °C | ||
| − | | LD50 = | + | | LD50 = 3559 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)<br>3500 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
| − | | MainHazards = | + | | MainHazards = Irritant |
| NFPA-F = | | NFPA-F = | ||
| NFPA-H = | | NFPA-H = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''tert-Butanol''' or '''tert-Butyl alcohol''' ('''TBA'''), also known as '''2-methylpropan-2-ol''' ('''2M2P'''), is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of '''(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH''' (sometimes shortened to '''t-BuOH'''). One of the most interesting characteristics of ''t''-BuOH is that it can be a clear liquid or a colorless solid depending on the ambient temperature and season, with a melting point around 25 °C. | '''tert-Butanol''' or '''tert-Butyl alcohol''' ('''TBA'''), also known as '''2-methylpropan-2-ol''' ('''2M2P'''), is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of '''(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH''' (sometimes shortened to '''t-BuOH'''). One of the most interesting characteristics of ''t''-BuOH is that it can be a clear liquid or a colorless solid depending on the ambient temperature and season, with a melting point around 25 °C. | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | + | Being a tertiary alcohol, tert-butanol cannot be oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone. | |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | + | ''tert''-Butanol is a colorless solid at standard conditions, but has a very high melting point for a simple alcohol, of only 25.8 °C. It's boiling point is 82.3 °C. ''t''-BuOH is miscible with water and has a camphor-like smell. | |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | + | ''t''-BuOH is sold by various chemical suppliers. | |
| + | |||
| + | It can also be found as fuel additive, though the percentage is small. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Small amounts are added in rubbing alcohol as a denaturing agent. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | + | tert-Butanol can be made via acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl tert-butyl ether. | |
| + | |||
| + | A more complex way is by reacting [[acetone]] with methylmagnesium halide | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| − | + | *Make [[methyl tert-butyl ether]] | |
| + | *Make potassium tert-butoxide | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
| − | |||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| Line 137: | Line 141: | ||
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| + | tert-Butanol can be safely burned. It can also be destroyed with Fenton's reagent. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=21341 OTC tert-Butanol] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=11575 tert-Butyl Alcohol] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=18431 Making t-butanol] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Organic compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Alcohols]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Tertiary alcohols]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Solvents]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Liquids]] | ||
Revision as of 17:01, 11 April 2016
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This article is a stub. Please help Sciencemadness Wiki by expanding it, adding pictures, and improving existing text.
|
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2-Methylpropan-2-ol
| |
| Other names
2-Methyl-2-propanol
tert-Butyl alcohol t-BuOH Trimethyl carbinol TBA | |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| (CH3)3COH C4H10O | |
| Molar mass | 74.12 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless solid (<25 °C) or liquid (>25 °C) |
| Odor | Camphorous |
| Density | 0.7886 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point | 25.81 °C (78.46 °F; 298.96 K) |
| Boiling point | 82.3 °C (180.1 °F; 355.4 K) |
| Miscible | |
| Solubility | Miscible with diethyl ether, ethanol Soluble in chloroform |
| Vapor pressure | 4.1 kPa (at 20 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 16.54 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
189.5 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−360.04–−358.36 kJ·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
| Flash point | 11 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
3559 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 3500 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Butanol sec-Butanol Isobutanol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
tert-Butanol or tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), also known as 2-methylpropan-2-ol (2M2P), is the simplest tertiary alcohol, with a formula of (CH3)3COH (sometimes shortened to t-BuOH). One of the most interesting characteristics of t-BuOH is that it can be a clear liquid or a colorless solid depending on the ambient temperature and season, with a melting point around 25 °C.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Being a tertiary alcohol, tert-butanol cannot be oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone.
Physical
tert-Butanol is a colorless solid at standard conditions, but has a very high melting point for a simple alcohol, of only 25.8 °C. It's boiling point is 82.3 °C. t-BuOH is miscible with water and has a camphor-like smell.
Availability
t-BuOH is sold by various chemical suppliers.
It can also be found as fuel additive, though the percentage is small.
Small amounts are added in rubbing alcohol as a denaturing agent.
Preparation
tert-Butanol can be made via acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl tert-butyl ether.
A more complex way is by reacting acetone with methylmagnesium halide
Projects
- Make methyl tert-butyl ether
- Make potassium tert-butoxide
Handling
Safety
Storage
Disposal
tert-Butanol can be safely burned. It can also be destroyed with Fenton's reagent.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
Categories:
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- Chemical compounds
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- Alcohols
- Tertiary alcohols
- Solvents
- Liquids
