Difference between revisions of "Calcium perchlorate"
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Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]]. | Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]]. | ||
| − | : | + | : 2 NaClO<sub>4</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> → Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaCl |
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield. | Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield. | ||
| Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| Line 157: | Line 157: | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12544 Calcium Perchlorate] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
Revision as of 20:35, 6 June 2018
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Calcium perchlorate
| |
| Other names
Calcium diperchlorate
| |
| Properties | |
| Ca(ClO4)2 | |
| Molar mass | 238.9792 g/mol |
| Appearance | White hygroscopic solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.651 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 416–417 °C (781–783 °F; 689–690 K) [2] |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 188 g/100 ml (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in acetone, alcohols, ethyl acetate Almost insoluble in diethyl ether, glycerol |
| Solubility in acetone | 3.82 g/100 g (25 °C)[1] |
| Solubility in butanol | 5.32 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in diethyl ether | 0.26 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in ethanol | 6.24 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in ethyl acetate | 4.306 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-735 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich (tetrahydrate) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Calcium hypochlorite Calcium chlorate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Calcium perchlorate is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula Ca(ClO4)2. It is commonly encountered as tetrahydrate.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with sulfuric acid to release perchloric acid, while calcium sulfate is precipitated.
Physical
Calcium perchlorate is a white hygroscopic salt, soluble in water, ethanol and methanol.
Availability
Calcium perchlorate is difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate.
Preparation
Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of sodium perchlorate and calcium chloride.
- 2 NaClO4 + CaCl2 → Ca(ClO4)2 + 2 NaCl
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than sodium chloride and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield.
Projects
- Make concentrated perchloric acid
Handling
Safety
Calcium perchlorate is a strong oxidizer, but its hygroscopicity makes it less powerful. It is toxic if consumed.
Storage
Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid.
Disposal
Calcium perchlorate can be destroyed with metallic iron under UV light, in the absence of air.[3]
References
- ↑ Willard; Smith; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 45; (1923); p. 293
- ↑ Migdal-Mikuli, Anna; Hetmanczyk, Joanna; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; vol. 91; nb. 2; (2008); p. 529 - 534
- ↑ Perchlorate in the Environment (2000), Edward Todd Urbansky, pag. 106
