Difference between revisions of "Magnesium chloride"
From Sciencemadness Wiki
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride | | IUPACName = Magnesium chloride | ||
| PIN = | | PIN = | ||
| − | | SystematicName = | + | | SystematicName = Magnesium chloride |
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list | | OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list | ||
| − | | '' | + | | ''Nigari salt'' |
| ''name2'' | | ''name2'' | ||
... | ... | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
| 3DMet = | | 3DMet = | ||
| Abbreviations = | | Abbreviations = | ||
| − | | SMILES = | + | | SMILES = [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] |
}} | }} | ||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| − | | Appearance = | + | | Appearance = white or colorless crystalline solid |
| BoilingPt = | | BoilingPt = | ||
| BoilingPtC = | | BoilingPtC = | ||
| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| BoilingPt_notes = | | BoilingPt_notes = | ||
| − | | Density = | + | | Density = 2.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) <br> 1.569 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate) |
| − | | Formula = | + | | Formula = MgCl<sub>2</sub> |
| HenryConstant = | | HenryConstant = | ||
| LogP = | | LogP = | ||
| − | | MolarMass = | + | | MolarMass = 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate) |
| MeltingPt = | | MeltingPt = | ||
| − | | MeltingPtC = | + | | MeltingPtC = 714 |
| MeltingPt_ref = | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | MeltingPt_notes = | + | | MeltingPt_notes = {{convert|117|C|F K}} (hexahydrate) |
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| − | | Solubility = | + | | Solubility = ''anhydrous'' <br> 52.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 54.3 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 72.6 g/100 mL (100 °C) <hr> ''hexahydrate'' <br> 167 g/100 mL (20 °C) |
| − | | | + | | Solubility1 = 7.4 g/100 mL (30 °C) |
| − | | | + | | Solvent1 = ethanol |
| + | | SolubleOther = slightly soluble in [[acetone]], [[pyridine]] | ||
| VaporPressure = | | VaporPressure = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
| − | | Coordination = | + | | Coordination = (octahedral, 6-coordinate) |
| − | | CrystalStruct = | + | | CrystalStruct = [[Cadmium chloride#Crystal structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]] |
| MolShape = | | MolShape = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| − | | DeltaGf = | + | | DeltaGf = -591.6 kJ/mol |
| DeltaHc = | | DeltaHc = | ||
| − | | DeltaHf = | + | | DeltaHf = -641.1 kJ/mol |
| − | | Entropy = | + | | Entropy = 89.88 J/mol K |
| − | | HeatCapacity = | + | | HeatCapacity = 71.09 J/mol K |
}} | }} | ||
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | | Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive | ||
| − | | ShockSens = | + | | ShockSens = Non-explosive |
| − | | FrictionSens = | + | | FrictionSens = Non-explosive |
| − | | DetonationV = | + | | DetonationV = Non-explosive |
| − | | REFactor = | + | | REFactor = Non-explosive |
}} | }} | ||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | AutoignitionPt = | + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable |
| − | | ExploLimits = | + | | ExploLimits = Non-explosive |
| − | | ExternalMSDS = | + | | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0764.htm ICSC 0764] |
| − | | FlashPt = | + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable |
| − | | LD50 = | + | | LD50 = 2800 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
| − | | MainHazards = | + | | MainHazards = Irritant |
| NFPA-F = | | NFPA-F = | ||
| NFPA-H = | | NFPA-H = | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related | | Section7 = {{Chembox Related | ||
| − | | OtherAnions = | + | | OtherAnions = [[Magnesium fluoride]]<br/>[[Magnesium bromide]]<br/>[[Magnesium iodide]] |
| − | | OtherCations = | + | | OtherCations = [[Beryllium chloride]]<br/>[[Calcium chloride]]<br/>[[Strontium chloride]]<br/>[[Barium chloride]] |
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
| Line 112: | Line 113: | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Magnesium chloride''' is a chemical compounds with the formula MgCl<sub>2</sub>. | + | '''Magnesium chloride''' also known as '''Nigari''' is a chemical compounds with the formula '''MgCl<sub>2</sub>'''. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide | + | Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride |
| − | :MgCl<sub>2(aq)</sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> → Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> | + | :MgCl<sub>2(aq)</sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> → Mg(OH)<sub>2(pp)</sub> + CaCl<sub>2(aq)</sub> |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in ethanol. | + | Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in [[ethanol]]. |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| Line 130: | Line 131: | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate. | Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A cheaper way involves the reaction of [[magnesium sulfate]] (Epsom salt) with [[calcium chloride]]. The resulting calcium sulfate is filtered off and the magnesium chloride solution is gently heated at 100 °C to remove the water. Since a small amount will hydrolyze, injecting dry hydrogen chloride gas will regenerate the magnesium chloride. Magnesium carbonate can also be used instead of Epsom salt. | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| − | *Make elemental magnesium | + | *Make elemental magnesium (electrolysis of molten MgCl<sub>2</sub> at over 714 °C, or of an eutectic mixture of MgCl<sub>2</sub>, KCl, NaCl at 475 °C) |
| + | *Home-made desiccator | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and may cause irritations | + | Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and its anhydrous form may cause irritations on contact with skin, eyes or mouth. |
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| + | Because of its hygroscopicity, magnesium chloride must be stored in an air-tight container. | ||
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| + | Magnesium chloride can be safely poured down the drain. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=41540 failed attempt for magnesium chloride.] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=44622 Magnesium Chloride to Magnesium Metal] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| Line 150: | Line 158: | ||
[[Category:Magnesium compounds]] | [[Category:Magnesium compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Chlorides]] | [[Category:Chlorides]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Easily prepared chemicals]] | ||
Revision as of 18:02, 12 November 2015
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Magnesium chloride
| |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Magnesium chloride | |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| MgCl2 | |
| Molar mass | 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous) 203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate) |
| Appearance | white or colorless crystalline solid |
| Density | 2.32 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1.569 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) |
| Melting point | 714 °C (1,317 °F; 987 K) 117 °C (243 °F; 390 K) (hexahydrate) |
| anhydrous 52.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 54.3 g/100 mL (20 °C) 72.6 g/100 mL (100 °C) hexahydrate 167 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | slightly soluble in acetone, pyridine |
| Solubility in ethanol | 7.4 g/100 mL (30 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
89.88 J/mol K |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-641.1 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0764 |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
2800 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| Related compounds | |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Magnesium chloride also known as Nigari is a chemical compounds with the formula MgCl2.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Magnesium chloride will react with calcium hydroxide to give magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride
- MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2(pp) + CaCl2(aq)
Physical
Magnesium chloride is a white hygroscopic solid, soluble in water but poorly soluble in ethanol.
Availability
Magnesium chloride is available as tofu coagulant, more exactly as "Nigari flakes" or "Nigari salt".
Magnesium chloride sometimes occurs naturally as the mineral bischofite.
Preparation
Magnesium chloride can be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with magnesium or magnesium carbonate.
A cheaper way involves the reaction of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) with calcium chloride. The resulting calcium sulfate is filtered off and the magnesium chloride solution is gently heated at 100 °C to remove the water. Since a small amount will hydrolyze, injecting dry hydrogen chloride gas will regenerate the magnesium chloride. Magnesium carbonate can also be used instead of Epsom salt.
Projects
- Make elemental magnesium (electrolysis of molten MgCl2 at over 714 °C, or of an eutectic mixture of MgCl2, KCl, NaCl at 475 °C)
- Home-made desiccator
Handling
Safety
Magnesium chloride is deliquescent and its anhydrous form may cause irritations on contact with skin, eyes or mouth.
Storage
Because of its hygroscopicity, magnesium chloride must be stored in an air-tight container.
Disposal
Magnesium chloride can be safely poured down the drain.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
Categories:
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chembox articles without image
- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Magnesium compounds
- Chlorides
- Easily prepared chemicals
