Difference between revisions of "Bismuth trioxide"
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| + | | Name = Bismuth trioxide | ||
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| + | | IUPACName = Bismuth(III) oxide<br>Bismuth trioxide | ||
| + | | PIN = | ||
| + | | SystematicName = | ||
| + | | OtherNames = Bismite<br>Bismuth sesquioxide<br>Bismuth trioxide<br>Bismuth Yellow<br>Dibismuth trioxide | ||
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| + | | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ||
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| + | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| + | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| + | | Appearance = Yellow solid | ||
| + | | BoilingPt = | ||
| + | | BoilingPtC = 1890 | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| + | | BoilingPt_notes = | ||
| + | | Density = 8.90 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | ||
| + | | Formula = Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
| + | | HenryConstant = | ||
| + | | LogP = | ||
| + | | MolarMass = 465.96 g/mol | ||
| + | | MeltingPt = | ||
| + | | MeltingPtC = 817 | ||
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| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| + | | pKa = | ||
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| + | | Solubility = Insoluble | ||
| + | | SolubleOther = Dissolves in acids | ||
| + | | Solvent = | ||
| + | | VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg | ||
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| + | | Coordination = Pseudo-octahedral | ||
| + | | CrystalStruct = Monoclinic, mP20<br>Space group P2<sub>1</sub>/c (No 14) | ||
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| + | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| + | | DeltaGf = | ||
| + | | DeltaHc = | ||
| + | | DeltaHf = -578 kJ/mol | ||
| + | | Entropy = -271.6 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> | ||
| + | | HeatCapacity = 125 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup> | ||
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| + | | AutoignitionPt = Non-flammable | ||
| + | | ExploLimits = | ||
| + | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/YKcLQUv/bismuth-trioxide-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] | ||
| + | | FlashPt = Non-flammable | ||
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| + | | MainHazards = Harmful | ||
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| + | | OtherAnions = | ||
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| + | | OtherCompounds = [[Antimony(III) oxide]] | ||
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'''Bismuth trioxide''' is a dense yellow solid that is used as a non-toxic alternative to [[lead]] oxides in pyrotechnic mixes. | '''Bismuth trioxide''' is a dense yellow solid that is used as a non-toxic alternative to [[lead]] oxides in pyrotechnic mixes. | ||
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==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
Revision as of 21:36, 10 May 2017
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Bismuth(III) oxide
Bismuth trioxide | |
| Other names
Bismite
Bismuth sesquioxide Bismuth trioxide Bismuth Yellow Dibismuth trioxide | |
| Properties | |
| Bi2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 465.96 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 8.90 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 817 °C (1,503 °F; 1,090 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,890 °C (3,430 °F; 2,160 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility | Dissolves in acids |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
-271.6 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-578 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Antimony(III) oxide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Bismuth trioxide is a dense yellow solid that is used as a non-toxic alternative to lead oxides in pyrotechnic mixes.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Like other oxides, on addition to an acid the bismuth salt and water are formed. It is therefore a useful stating point in creating bismuth compounds such as bismuth nitrate.
A bismuthate ion exists and it is a very powerful oxidiser, able to oxidise chromates and manganates. It can be produced from bismuth trioxide by heating with a molten alkali hydroxide.
It's reaction with magnesium and aluminium powders is exceptionally violent for a thermite, and will explode due to the density of the oxide and the low reactivity of bismuth. Therefore this is not a viable way of producing the metal from the oxide as any metal produced is vaporised.
Mixes of magnesium and bismuth trioxide are labelled 'Dragon's Eggs', where pellets are designed to explode after a short period of burning.
Molten bismuth oxide is an extremely powerful oxidizer that can dissolve platinum.
Physical
A yellow solid that can appear with a slight green tinge in impure samples, Bi2O3 is remarkably dense.
Availability
Pyrotechnic supplies will most likely sell Bi2O3. It has no shipping restrictions, so pyrotechnic grade oxide can be found online reasonably priced.
Preparation
Burning bismuth metal by a blow torch is an uncontrolled way to make Bi2O3, and much of it escapes if there is not a good method of catching it as it is created.
Projects
- Dragon's eggs
- Explosive thermite
Safety
Bismuth is comparatively a lot less toxic than lead, but it is still inadvisable to breathe in metal vapours or large amounts of metal oxides.
