Difference between revisions of "Iron(III) oxide"
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Revision as of 13:13, 6 September 2015
Iron(III) oxide, often referred to as red iron oxide, is the chemical compound with chemical formula Fe2O3. It is the main component of rust and acts as the oxidizing agent in the classic thermite reaction with aluminium.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Iron oxide is a typical metal oxide. It will react with acids to form the iron salt, so iron(III) oxide is a useful starting point to make chemicals such iron acetate.
A mixture of red iron oxide and aluminium powders is the classic thermite mixture. This mixture, while difficult to initiate, burns in excess of 1500 °C, producing a slag of red hot molten iron and and aluminium oxide.
Red iron oxide is sometimes added to KNO3 and sugar mixtures to help accelerate the reaction, which is needed when making 'rocket candy' rockets.
Physical
Iron(III) oxide is a deep red compound usually encountered in powdered form. It is insoluble in water but readily reacts with acids. It is noticeably ferromagnetic, accumulating thickly on the surface of magnets. While ferrofluid, a magnetic liquid suspension, is typically made with iron(II,III) oxide, the magnetic properties of iron(III) oxide may also allow for this to be made.
Availability
Sometimes used as a colouring agent for things such as concrete. Pottery supply stores will have this chemical for the same reason.
Due to the well known thermite reaction, it is commonly available in large amounts online.
Preparation
Iron can be slowly oxidized by oxygen in the presence of salt water to red iron oxide.
A more effective way to produce large amounts of iron oxide is through electrolysis. A solution of sodium chloride is electrolyzed with two iron electrodes, producing insoluble iron(II) oxide.
This is filtered out and heated until dry and then strong heating in air converts the black iron(II) oxide to the red iron(III) oxide.
Projects
- Thermite with aluminium powder.
- Make elemental iron
- Ferrofluid, a "liquid magnet"
- Make magnetite
- Make ferrates
Handling
Safety
As an insoluble compound of iron, iron(III) oxide is not substantially toxic unless intentionally swallowed in larger amounts. Obviously, be wary of problems associated with tetanus.
Storage
No special storage is required, though it will stain many materials and clothing and may induce rusting in steels.
Disposal
No special disposal is required, unless is contaminated with heavy metals.
