Difference between revisions of "Tannerite"
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| + | [[File:Tannerite full pack.jpg|thumb|400px|Commercial Tannerite pack, containing the oxidizer and the fuel.]] | ||
'''Tannerite''' is the brand name of a binary explosive, made from [[ammonium nitrate]] (oxidizer) and [[aluminium]] powder (fuel), that is supplied as two separate powders that are mixed and shaken to produce an explosive. | '''Tannerite''' is the brand name of a binary explosive, made from [[ammonium nitrate]] (oxidizer) and [[aluminium]] powder (fuel), that is supplied as two separate powders that are mixed and shaken to produce an explosive. | ||
| − | Although both have NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and aluminium powder as their main ingredients, the main difference between [[Ammonal]] and Tannerite is that the former also has 2.4% [[charcoal]] in its composition, while the latter does not, though some formulations may also have 5% 325-mesh [[titanium]] sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride, as well as a few percentages of [[ammonium perchlorate]] in the ammonium nitrate. | + | Although both have NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> and aluminium powder as their main ingredients, the main difference between [[Ammonal]] and Tannerite is that the former also has 2.4% [[charcoal]] or [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]] in its composition, while the latter does not, though some Tannerite formulations may also have 5% 325-mesh [[titanium]] sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride, as well as a few percentages of [[ammonium perchlorate]] in the ammonium nitrate. |
==Composition== | ==Composition== | ||
| − | Tannerite generally consists of 95% ammonium nitrate and 5% aluminium powder by weight. | + | Tannerite generally consists of 90-95% ammonium nitrate and 10-5% aluminium powder by weight, though not all home made Tannerite follows this ratio. |
| − | Other formulations specify that the fuel | + | Other formulations specify that the fuel component consists of 90% 600-mesh dark flake aluminum powder, combined with the catalyst which is a mixture of 5% 325-mesh titanium sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride, while the oxidizer is 85% 200-mesh ammonium nitrate and 15% [[ammonium perchlorate]]. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
| − | Tannerite is a white-gray granular material. It is stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact, such as being dropped, a hammer blow, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or even shotgun blast. | + | Tannerite is a white-gray granular material. It is stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact, such as being dropped, a hammer blow, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or even shotgun blast. Tannerite is not flammable – an explosion cannot be created by a burning fuse or electric arc. Tannerite has an average density of 1.8 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and a detonation velocity between 5000-7000 m/s.<ref>https://tannerite.com/</ref> |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
Tannerite is freely available in the US, although restrictions exist on transport, storage and use. | Tannerite is freely available in the US, although restrictions exist on transport, storage and use. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In other countries, this product may be considered explosive material/precursor, depending on the legislation. | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
*Explosions in weaponry demonstrations | *Explosions in weaponry demonstrations | ||
| + | *Main explosive charge for testing homemade detonators | ||
| + | *OTC source of [[ammonium nitrate]] and [[aluminium]] powder | ||
==Safety== | ==Safety== | ||
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=5025 Tannerite] | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=5025 Tannerite] | ||
| + | [[Category:Pyrotechnics]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Granular materials]] | ||
[[Category:Energetic materials]] | [[Category:Energetic materials]] | ||
[[Category:Energetic mixtures]] | [[Category:Energetic mixtures]] | ||
[[Category:Binary explosives]] | [[Category:Binary explosives]] | ||
[[Category:Kewlism]] | [[Category:Kewlism]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:33, 8 November 2018
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Tannerite is the brand name of a binary explosive, made from ammonium nitrate (oxidizer) and aluminium powder (fuel), that is supplied as two separate powders that are mixed and shaken to produce an explosive.
Although both have NH4NO3 and aluminium powder as their main ingredients, the main difference between Ammonal and Tannerite is that the former also has 2.4% charcoal or TNT in its composition, while the latter does not, though some Tannerite formulations may also have 5% 325-mesh titanium sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride, as well as a few percentages of ammonium perchlorate in the ammonium nitrate.
Contents
Composition
Tannerite generally consists of 90-95% ammonium nitrate and 10-5% aluminium powder by weight, though not all home made Tannerite follows this ratio.
Other formulations specify that the fuel component consists of 90% 600-mesh dark flake aluminum powder, combined with the catalyst which is a mixture of 5% 325-mesh titanium sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride, while the oxidizer is 85% 200-mesh ammonium nitrate and 15% ammonium perchlorate.
Properties
Tannerite is a white-gray granular material. It is stable when subjected to forces less severe than a high-velocity bullet impact, such as being dropped, a hammer blow, or impact from a low-velocity bullet or even shotgun blast. Tannerite is not flammable – an explosion cannot be created by a burning fuse or electric arc. Tannerite has an average density of 1.8 g/cm3 and a detonation velocity between 5000-7000 m/s.[1]
Availability
Tannerite is freely available in the US, although restrictions exist on transport, storage and use.
In other countries, this product may be considered explosive material/precursor, depending on the legislation.
Projects
- Explosions in weaponry demonstrations
- Main explosive charge for testing homemade detonators
- OTC source of ammonium nitrate and aluminium powder
Safety
Handling and storage
When the components are kept separate, Tannerite is stable and safe to handle.[2]
Tannerite as separate components should be kept in safe places.
Legality
In US, the sale of Tannerite in the form of separate components is legal, though the legislation on its use is murky. Binary explosives are not classified as explosive materials, when kept as separate components. However, the moment they are mixed, the resulting mixture is considered explosive material.
The regulations on binary explosives state that:
- "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit. However, individuals or companies must obtain a Federal explosives manufacturing license if they intend to engage in the business of manufacturing explosives for sale or distribution, or for their own business use."[3]
Some states place restrictions on where it can be used. As it is sold as two separate powders, it can be generally transported and sold without the legal restrictions that would otherwise apply to explosives.
Disposal
Safely detonating it in a special area. As it does not explode when burned, it can also be neutralized via controlled incineration.
References
- ↑ https://tannerite.com/
- ↑ http://www.bigfireworks.com/site/suiteoffice/docs/Tannerite.pdf
- ↑ https://www.atf.gov/explosives/binary-explosives
