Difference between revisions of "Calcium perchlorate"
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==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with sulfuric acid to release [[perchloric acid]], while calcium sulfate is precipitated. | + | Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with [[sulfuric acid]] to release [[perchloric acid]], while calcium sulfate is precipitated. |
| + | |||
| + | : Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → CaSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 HClO<sub>4</sub> | ||
| + | |||
| + | If concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid is used, one could prepare anhydrous perchloric acid, though this is very dangerous, since concentrated perchloric acid may explode in contact with organic substances. | ||
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| Line 132: | Line 136: | ||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Calcium perchlorate is difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate. | + | Calcium perchlorate is somewhat difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate. |
| + | |||
| + | In the EU, the sale of perchlorates is regulated, however, per directive level, only sodium and potassium perchlorate are restricted, meaning that unless the member country restricts other perchlorates, calcium perchlorate should not normally be restricted. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]]. | Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of [[sodium perchlorate]] and [[calcium chloride]]. | ||
| − | : | + | : 2 NaClO<sub>4</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> → Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaCl |
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield. | Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than [[sodium chloride]] and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield. | ||
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===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12544 Calcium Perchlorate] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:11, 2 November 2019
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Calcium perchlorate
| |
| Other names
Calcium diperchlorate
| |
| Properties | |
| Ca(ClO4)2 | |
| Molar mass | 238.9792 g/mol |
| Appearance | White hygroscopic solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 2.651 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 416–417 °C (781–783 °F; 689–690 K) [2] |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 188 g/100 ml (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in acetone, alcohols, ethyl acetate Almost insoluble in diethyl ether, glycerol |
| Solubility in acetone | 3.82 g/100 g (25 °C)[1] |
| Solubility in butanol | 5.32 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in diethyl ether | 0.26 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in ethanol | 6.24 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Solubility in ethyl acetate | 4.306 g/100 g (25 °C) |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-735 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich (tetrahydrate) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Calcium hypochlorite Calcium chlorate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Calcium perchlorate is a chemical compound, a perchlorate salt with the molecular formula Ca(ClO4)2. It is commonly encountered as tetrahydrate.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Calcium chlorate is a strong oxidizer. It will react with sulfuric acid to release perchloric acid, while calcium sulfate is precipitated.
- Ca(ClO4)2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2 HClO4
If concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid is used, one could prepare anhydrous perchloric acid, though this is very dangerous, since concentrated perchloric acid may explode in contact with organic substances.
Physical
Calcium perchlorate is a white hygroscopic salt, soluble in water, ethanol and methanol.
Availability
Calcium perchlorate is somewhat difficult to purchase from suppliers, being a perchlorate.
In the EU, the sale of perchlorates is regulated, however, per directive level, only sodium and potassium perchlorate are restricted, meaning that unless the member country restricts other perchlorates, calcium perchlorate should not normally be restricted.
Preparation
Calcium perchlorate can be prepared by mixing a supersaturated solution of sodium perchlorate and calcium chloride.
- 2 NaClO4 + CaCl2 → Ca(ClO4)2 + 2 NaCl
Calcium perchlorate is less soluble than sodium chloride and will crystallize from solution. Cooling the solution increases yield.
Projects
- Make concentrated perchloric acid
Handling
Safety
Calcium perchlorate is a strong oxidizer, but its hygroscopicity makes it less powerful. It is toxic if consumed.
Storage
Calcium perchlorate should be kept in closed and sealed bottles, away from any organic material or strong mineral acid.
Disposal
Calcium perchlorate can be destroyed with metallic iron under UV light, in the absence of air.[3]
References
- ↑ Willard; Smith; Journal of the American Chemical Society; vol. 45; (1923); p. 293
- ↑ Migdal-Mikuli, Anna; Hetmanczyk, Joanna; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; vol. 91; nb. 2; (2008); p. 529 - 534
- ↑ Perchlorate in the Environment (2000), Edward Todd Urbansky, pag. 106
