Difference between revisions of "Decane"
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{{Chembox | {{Chembox | ||
| − | | Name =Decane | + | | Name = Decane |
| Reference = | | Reference = | ||
| − | | IUPACName =n- | + | | IUPACName = ''n''-Decane |
| PIN = | | PIN = | ||
| − | | SystematicName =Decane | + | | SystematicName = Decane |
| − | | OtherNames = | + | | OtherNames = D10<br>Decyl hydride<br>n-Decane<br>N-Decane |
<!-- Images --> | <!-- Images --> | ||
| ImageFile = Decane bottle and sample.jpg | | ImageFile = Decane bottle and sample.jpg | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| Appearance = Colorless viscous liquid | | Appearance = Colorless viscous liquid | ||
| BoilingPt = | | BoilingPt = | ||
| − | | BoilingPtC = | + | | BoilingPtC = 174.2 |
| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | BoilingPt_notes = | + | | BoilingPt_notes = |
| − | | Density = 0.730 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | + | | Density = 0.730 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<br>0.7255 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C) |
| Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> | | Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> | ||
| HenryConstant = 2.1 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> | | HenryConstant = 2.1 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
| MolarMass = 142.29 g/mol | | MolarMass = 142.29 g/mol | ||
| MeltingPt = | | MeltingPt = | ||
| − | | MeltingPtC = | + | | MeltingPtC = −29.7 |
| MeltingPt_ref = | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | MeltingPt_notes = | + | | MeltingPt_notes = |
| − | | Odor = Faint bitumen-like | + | | Odor = Petroleum-like<br>Faint bitumen-like |
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| − | | Solubility = 0. | + | | Solubility = 0.9·10<sup>-6</sup> g/100 ml (20 °C)<br>5.2·10<sup>-6</sup> g/100 ml (25 °C) |
| − | | SolubleOther = Miscible with [[ethanol]] | + | | SolubleOther = Miscible with [[ethanol]], [[halocarbon]]s, [[hydrocarbon]]s<br>Slightly soluble in [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]] |
| − | | | + | | Solubility1 = 8.7·10<sup>-6</sup> g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| − | | VaporPressure = 0.195 kPa (at 25 | + | | Solvent1 = salt water |
| + | | VaporPressure = 0.195 kPa (at 25 °C) | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
| Line 89: | Line 90: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | | Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| − | | AutoignitionPt = 210 | + | | AutoignitionPt = 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) |
| ExploLimits = | | ExploLimits = | ||
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923666 ScienceLab] | | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923666 ScienceLab] | ||
| − | | FlashPt = 46 | + | | FlashPt = 46 °C (115 °F; 319 K) |
| LD50 = | | LD50 = | ||
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
| Line 113: | Line 114: | ||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | Decane will burn in air in the presence of an ignition source. | + | Decane will burn in air in the presence of an ignition source, releasing carbon dioxide, water and soot. |
| + | |||
| + | : C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> + 21/2 O<sub>2</sub> → 10 CO<sub>2</sub> + 11 H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | Decane is a colorless liquid, insoluble in water, but miscible with other organic solvents. It has a very weak petroleum or bitumen-like | + | Decane is a colorless liquid, insoluble in water, but miscible with other organic solvents. It has a very weak odor, described by some as being petroleum or bitumen-like. Decane boils at around 174 °C and freezes close to −30 °C. |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| Line 125: | Line 128: | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
Decane is best purchased or extracted from petroleum products than prepared. | Decane is best purchased or extracted from petroleum products than prepared. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Complete reduction of caproic acid will yield n-decane. | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
*Organic extractions | *Organic extractions | ||
| + | *Make halodecanes | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Decane is toxic if consumed, but generally it's quite harmless. Due to its high boiling point, it gives off few vapors, which may irritate the eyes on contact. Decane is flammable and will ignite in the presence of an ignition source. | + | Decane is toxic if consumed, but generally it's quite harmless. Due to its high boiling point, it gives off few vapors, though if heated the amount of vapors will increase, which may irritate the eyes on contact. Decane is flammable and will ignite in the presence of an ignition source, though due to its high flash point, it needs to be preheated first. |
| + | |||
| + | In high concentrations, ''n''-decane vapors may have slight narcotic effects. | ||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Decane should be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat source. Due to its high boiling point, very little will evaporate over the years, so it's not necessary to use a special storage bottle or a bottle with a PTFE seal cap. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| − | Decane can be safely burned. | + | Decane can be mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely burned outside. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 146: | Line 154: | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Organic compounds]] | [[Category:Organic compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Hydrocarbons]] | ||
[[Category:Alkanes]] | [[Category:Alkanes]] | ||
[[Category:Solvents]] | [[Category:Solvents]] | ||
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]] | [[Category:Nonpolar solvents]] | ||
[[Category:Liquids]] | [[Category:Liquids]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:48, 24 January 2019
 Decane sample with its original bottle.
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
n-Decane
| |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Decane | |
| Other names
D10
Decyl hydride n-Decane N-Decane | |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| C10H22 | |
| Molar mass | 142.29 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless viscous liquid |
| Odor | Petroleum-like Faint bitumen-like |
| Density | 0.730 g/cm3 (20 °C) 0.7255 g/cm3 (25 °C) |
| Melting point | −29.7 °C (−21.5 °F; 243.5 K) |
| Boiling point | 174.2 °C (345.6 °F; 447.3 K) |
| 0.9·10-6 g/100 ml (20 °C) 5.2·10-6 g/100 ml (25 °C) | |
| Solubility | Miscible with ethanol, halocarbons, hydrocarbons Slightly soluble in CCl4 |
| Solubility in salt water | 8.7·10-6 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.195 kPa (at 25 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−302.1–−299.9 kJ·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
| Flash point | 46 °C (115 °F; 319 K) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Nonane |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Decane or n-decane is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C10H22. It is a straight-chain hydrocarbon, which appears as a thin liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Decane will burn in air in the presence of an ignition source, releasing carbon dioxide, water and soot.
- C10H22 + 21/2 O2 → 10 CO2 + 11 H2O
Physical
Decane is a colorless liquid, insoluble in water, but miscible with other organic solvents. It has a very weak odor, described by some as being petroleum or bitumen-like. Decane boils at around 174 °C and freezes close to −30 °C.
Availability
Decane can be extracted from various petroleum solvents, such as Stoddard solvent (which contains a mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons), via fractional distillation, though you need a large amount of Stoddard solvent to obtain any useful amount of n-decane.
Decane can also be purchased from chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Decane is best purchased or extracted from petroleum products than prepared.
Complete reduction of caproic acid will yield n-decane.
Projects
- Organic extractions
- Make halodecanes
Handling
Safety
Decane is toxic if consumed, but generally it's quite harmless. Due to its high boiling point, it gives off few vapors, though if heated the amount of vapors will increase, which may irritate the eyes on contact. Decane is flammable and will ignite in the presence of an ignition source, though due to its high flash point, it needs to be preheated first.
In high concentrations, n-decane vapors may have slight narcotic effects.
Storage
Decane should be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat source. Due to its high boiling point, very little will evaporate over the years, so it's not necessary to use a special storage bottle or a bottle with a PTFE seal cap.
Disposal
Decane can be mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely burned outside.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
No threads so far. Why not start one?
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
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- Chemical compounds
- Organic compounds
- Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Solvents
- Nonpolar solvents
- Liquids
