Difference between revisions of "Potassium sodium tartrate"
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| Name = Potassium sodium tartrate | | Name = Potassium sodium tartrate | ||
| Reference = | | Reference = | ||
| − | | IUPACName = | + | | IUPACName = Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate |
| − | Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate | + | |
| PIN = | | PIN = | ||
| SystematicName = | | SystematicName = | ||
| − | | OtherNames = Rochelle | + | | OtherNames = E337<br>Rochelle salt<br>Seignette salt |
<!-- Images --> | <!-- Images --> | ||
| − | | ImageFile = | + | | ImageFile = Potassium sodium tartrate bottle and sample.jpg |
| − | | ImageSize = | + | | ImageSize = 300 |
| ImageAlt = | | ImageAlt = | ||
| ImageName = | | ImageName = | ||
| + | | ImageCaption = Potassium sodium tartrate aka Rochelle salt | ||
| ImageFile1 = | | ImageFile1 = | ||
| ImageSize1 = | | ImageSize1 = | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | | AtmosphericOHRateConstant = | ||
| − | | Appearance = | + | | Appearance = Large colorless monoclinic needles |
| BoilingPt = | | BoilingPt = | ||
| − | | BoilingPtC = | + | | BoilingPtC = 220 |
| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | BoilingPt_notes = | + | | BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes) |
| − | | Density = 1.79 g/ | + | | Density = 1.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
| − | | Formula = | + | | Formula = KNaC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (anhydrous)<br>KNaC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O (tetrahydrate) |
| HenryConstant = | | HenryConstant = | ||
| LogP = | | LogP = | ||
| − | | MolarMass =282.1 g/mol | + | | MolarMass = 210.16 g/mol (anhydrous)<br>282.1 g/mol (tetrahydrate) |
| − | | MeltingPt = | + | | MeltingPt = |
| MeltingPtC = 75 | | MeltingPtC = 75 | ||
| MeltingPt_ref= | | MeltingPt_ref= | ||
| MeltingPt_notes = | | MeltingPt_notes = | ||
| + | | Odor = Odorless | ||
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| − | | Solubility = 26 g / 100 | + | | Solubility = 26 g/100 ml (0 °C)<br>47.4 g/100 ml (6 °C)<br>66 g/100 ml (26 °C) |
| − | | SolubleOther = | + | | SolubleOther = Insoluble in [[acetone]], [[ethanol]] |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| − | | VaporPressure = | + | | VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg |
}} | }} | ||
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | ||
| Coordination = | | Coordination = | ||
| − | | CrystalStruct = | + | | CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic |
| MolShape = | | MolShape = | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 90: | Line 91: | ||
| AutoignitionPt = | | AutoignitionPt = | ||
| ExploLimits = | | ExploLimits = | ||
| − | | ExternalMSDS = | + | | ExternalMSDS = [https://www.docdroid.net/39gecWA/potassium-sodium-tartrate-tetrahydrate-sa.pdf.html Sigma-Aldrich] (tetrahydrate) |
| FlashPt = | | FlashPt = | ||
| LD50 = | | LD50 = | ||
| LC50 = | | LC50 = | ||
| − | | MainHazards = | + | | MainHazards = Irritant |
| NFPA-F = | | NFPA-F = | ||
| NFPA-H = | | NFPA-H = | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
| − | | OtherCompounds = | + | | OtherCompounds = [[Tartaric acid]]<br>[[Potassium antimony tartrate]] |
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Potassium sodium tartrate''' ('''tetrahydrate'''), more commonly known as '''Rochelle | + | '''Potassium sodium tartrate''' ('''tetrahydrate'''), more commonly known as '''Rochelle salt''', is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (around 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | + | Addition of a strong acid, like [[hydrochloric acid]], will give [[tartaric acid]]. | |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | + | Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Potassium | + | Rochelle's salt can be bought from chemical suppliers, in bulk, and it's fairly cheap. |
| + | |||
| + | Potassium sodium tartrate is readily available on eBay and Amazon. | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | + | Can be prepared by neutralizing [[tartaric acid]] with sodium and potassium carbonates, bicarbonates or hydroxides. | |
| + | |||
| + | A much simpler and straightforward route involves neutralization of [[potassium bitartrate]] with [[sodium hydroxide]]. | ||
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
| − | * [[Biuret | + | * Make [[Biuret reagent]] |
| − | * [[Fehling's | + | * Make [[Fehling's solution]] |
| + | *Demonstration of [[piezoelectricity]] | ||
| + | *Make "crystal" microphones | ||
| + | *Alkaline buffer | ||
| + | *Laxative | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| + | Potassium sodium tartrate has low toxicity, though the dry salt can be irritating to skin, mouth, nose and eyes. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Ingestion of large amounts of Rochelle salt will lead to bloating and diarrhea. | ||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | Potassium | + | Potassium sodium tartrate is very deliquescent and should be stored in a sealed container. |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| Line 147: | Line 151: | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ===Relevant Sciencemadness threads=== | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=29021 Potassium Sodium Tartrate Not Crystallizing] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=9688 Sodium Potassium Tartrate Mystery] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=60103 Issues with Rochelle's Salt Synthesis] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=8554 Troubles crystallizing my homemade Rochelle salt] | ||
| + | *[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=76604 Crystallizing my own piezo pickups (Rochelle salt)?] | ||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
| Line 154: | Line 163: | ||
[[Category:Tartrates]] | [[Category:Tartrates]] | ||
[[Category:Double salts]] | [[Category:Double salts]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Chemicals for crystal growing]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Solids]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:16, 26 November 2022
 Potassium sodium tartrate aka Rochelle salt
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate
| |
| Other names
E337
Rochelle salt Seignette salt | |
| Properties | |
| KNaC4H4O6 (anhydrous) KNaC4H4O6·4H2O (tetrahydrate) | |
| Molar mass | 210.16 g/mol (anhydrous) 282.1 g/mol (tetrahydrate) |
| Appearance | Large colorless monoclinic needles |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.79 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K) |
| Boiling point | 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) (decomposes) |
| 26 g/100 ml (0 °C) 47.4 g/100 ml (6 °C) 66 g/100 ml (26 °C) | |
| Solubility | Insoluble in acetone, ethanol |
| Vapor pressure | ~0 mmHg |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich (tetrahydrate) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Tartaric acid Potassium antimony tartrate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Potassium sodium tartrate (tetrahydrate), more commonly known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (around 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Addition of a strong acid, like hydrochloric acid, will give tartaric acid.
Physical
Potassium sodium tartrate is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water.
Availability
Rochelle's salt can be bought from chemical suppliers, in bulk, and it's fairly cheap.
Potassium sodium tartrate is readily available on eBay and Amazon.
Preparation
Can be prepared by neutralizing tartaric acid with sodium and potassium carbonates, bicarbonates or hydroxides.
A much simpler and straightforward route involves neutralization of potassium bitartrate with sodium hydroxide.
Projects
- Make Biuret reagent
- Make Fehling's solution
- Demonstration of piezoelectricity
- Make "crystal" microphones
- Alkaline buffer
- Laxative
Handling
Safety
Potassium sodium tartrate has low toxicity, though the dry salt can be irritating to skin, mouth, nose and eyes.
Ingestion of large amounts of Rochelle salt will lead to bloating and diarrhea.
Storage
Potassium sodium tartrate is very deliquescent and should be stored in a sealed container.
Disposal
Dissolve in large excess of water and put down drain.
