Difference between revisions of "Xylitol"

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'''Xylitol''' is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.
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{{Chembox
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| Name = Xylitol
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| Reference =
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| IUPACName = (2R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
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| PIN =
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| SystematicName =
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| OtherNames = 1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypentane<br>Xylite
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<!-- Images -->
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| ImageFile = Xylitol box and sample.jpg
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| ImageSize = 250
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| ImageAlt =
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| ImageCaption = Store-grade xylitol
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<!-- Sections -->
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| 3DMet =
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| Abbreviations =
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| SMILES = O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO
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  }}
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| Appearance = White crystalline solid
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| BoilingPt =
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| BoilingPtC = 345.39
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| BoilingPt_ref =
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| BoilingPt_notes =
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| Density = 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
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| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>5</sub>
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| HenryConstant =
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| LogP =
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| MolarMass = 152.15 g/mol
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| MeltingPt =
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| MeltingPtC = 92-96
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| MeltingPt_ref =
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| MeltingPt_notes =
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| pKa =
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| pKb =
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| Solubility = 200 g/100 ml (25 °C)
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| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[ethanol]], [[methanol]], [[pyridine]], [[tetrahydrofuran]]<br>Insoluble in [[diethyl ether]], [[benzene]], [[chloroform]]
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| Solubility1 = 1.2 g/100ml
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| Solvent1 = ethanol
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| Solubility2 = 6 g/100ml
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| Solvent2 = methanol
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| Solvent =
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| VaporPressure = ~0 mmHg
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  }}
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| Coordination =
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| CrystalStruct = Rhombic
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| MolShape =
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  }}
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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| DeltaGf =
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| DeltaHc =
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| DeltaHf = 1,100.99 kJ/mol<ref>Tewari, Yadu B.; Goldberg, Robert N.; Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics;
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vol. 28; nb. 10; (1996); p. 1127 - 1144</ref>
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| Entropy =
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| HeatCapacity =
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| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
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| ShockSens = None
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| FrictionSens = None
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| DetonationV = None
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| REFactor = None
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| AutoignitionPt =
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| ExploLimits =
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| ExternalMSDS = [http://ehsrms.uaa.alaska.edu/CMS/Laboratory/MSDS/MSDS%20by%20Vendor/Fisher/Xylitol.pdf Fischer Scientific]
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| FlashPt =
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| LD50 =
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| LC50 =
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| NFPA-F =
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
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| OtherAnions =
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| OtherCations =
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| OtherFunction =
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| OtherFunction_label =
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| OtherCompounds = [[Arabitol]]<br>[[Ribitol]]
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  }}
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}}
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'''Xylitol''' is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. It has the chemical formula '''C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>5</sub>'''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Physical===
 
===Physical===
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Xylitol is a white crystalline solid, with a sweet taste similar to that of sugar, though it has a slight fruity flavor. It is soluble in water (200 g/100 ml at 25 °C)<ref>[https://books.google.ro/books?id=GYauJOMebo4C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=xylitol+water+solubility+20+degrees&source=bl&ots=W0biJJBGrQ&sig=xMLMRlSftflGrl-agenu_c8Q84g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBTgUahUKEwi5wMjix7jIAhWFOxQKHdKwD8k#v=onepage&q=xylitol%20water%20solubility%2020%20degrees&f=false Bakery Products: Science and Technology, Y. H. Hui, 2006, pag. 32]</ref>, methanol (6 g/100ml), ethanol (1.2 g/100ml) and pyridene. It is insoluble in ether.<ref>http://www.scbt.com/datasheet-280193-xylitol.html</ref> Its melting point is between 92 to 96 °C, and the boiling point has been determined to be 345.39 °C. Xylitol has a density of 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
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Xylitol is a white crystalline solid, with a sweet taste similar to that of sugar, though it has a slight fruity flavor. It is soluble in water (200 g/100 ml at 25 °C)<ref>[https://books.google.ro/books?id=GYauJOMebo4C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=xylitol+water+solubility+20+degrees&source=bl&ots=W0biJJBGrQ&sig=xMLMRlSftflGrl-agenu_c8Q84g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBTgUahUKEwi5wMjix7jIAhWFOxQKHdKwD8k#v=onepage&q=xylitol%20water%20solubility%2020%20degrees&f=false Bakery Products: Science and Technology, Y. H. Hui, 2006, pag. 32]</ref>, [[methanol]] (6 g/100 ml), [[ethanol]] (1.2 g/100 ml) and [[pyridine]]. It is insoluble in ether.<ref>http://www.scbt.com/datasheet-280193-xylitol.html</ref> Its melting point is between 92 to 96 °C, and the boiling point has been determined to be 345.39 °C. Xylitol has a density of 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
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==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
 
Xylitol can be extracted from various fruits, though this process is intensive and is much cheaper to just buy it from stores.
 
Xylitol can be extracted from various fruits, though this process is intensive and is much cheaper to just buy it from stores.
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It can also be prepared through the hydrolysis of xylan, a polysaccharide found in wood. This gives xylose, which can be reduced to xylitol.
  
 
==Projects==
 
==Projects==
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===Safety===
 
===Safety===
 
Xylitol has no known toxicity or carcinogenicity, and is considered safe by the FDA. It has an extremely low glycemic index of 7 (glucose GI is 100) and has been shown to be useful in reducing tooth cavities. Xylitol does however have laxative effects, though it's possible to build up resistance after several weeks of consuming it.
 
Xylitol has no known toxicity or carcinogenicity, and is considered safe by the FDA. It has an extremely low glycemic index of 7 (glucose GI is 100) and has been shown to be useful in reducing tooth cavities. Xylitol does however have laxative effects, though it's possible to build up resistance after several weeks of consuming it.
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Xylitol however may be fatal to dogs and birds.
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
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<references/>
 
<references/>
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
 
===Relevant Sciencemadness threads===
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*[http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=8359 xylitol manufacture techniques]
  
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
 
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]

Latest revision as of 17:51, 3 December 2021

Xylitol
Xylitol box and sample.jpg
Store-grade xylitol
Names
IUPAC name
(2R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
Other names
1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypentane
Xylite
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
C5H12O5
Molar mass 152.15 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Density 1.52 g/cm3
Melting point 92–96 °C (198–205 °F; 365–369 K)
Boiling point 345.39 °C (653.70 °F; 618.54 K)
200 g/100 ml (25 °C)
Solubility Soluble in ethanol, methanol, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran
Insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform
Solubility in ethanol 1.2 g/100ml
Solubility in methanol 6 g/100ml
Vapor pressure ~0 mmHg
Thermochemistry
1,100.99 kJ/mol[1]
Hazards
Safety data sheet Fischer Scientific
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Arabitol
Ribitol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener. It has the chemical formula C5H12O5.

Properties

Chemical

Xylitol will react with nitric acid to yield xylitol nitrates.

Physical

Xylitol is a white crystalline solid, with a sweet taste similar to that of sugar, though it has a slight fruity flavor. It is soluble in water (200 g/100 ml at 25 °C)[2], methanol (6 g/100 ml), ethanol (1.2 g/100 ml) and pyridine. It is insoluble in ether.[3] Its melting point is between 92 to 96 °C, and the boiling point has been determined to be 345.39 °C. Xylitol has a density of 1.52 g/cm3.

Availability

Xylitol is available in most hypermarkets and health food stores, usually as 99-99.9% pure. The price depends on the brand.

Preparation

Xylitol can be extracted from various fruits, though this process is intensive and is much cheaper to just buy it from stores.

It can also be prepared through the hydrolysis of xylan, a polysaccharide found in wood. This gives xylose, which can be reduced to xylitol.

Projects

Handling

Safety

Xylitol has no known toxicity or carcinogenicity, and is considered safe by the FDA. It has an extremely low glycemic index of 7 (glucose GI is 100) and has been shown to be useful in reducing tooth cavities. Xylitol does however have laxative effects, though it's possible to build up resistance after several weeks of consuming it.

Xylitol however may be fatal to dogs and birds.

Storage

In closed containers.

Disposal

Xylitol does not pose any danger to the environment and can be poured down the drain or dumped in the soil or trash.

References

  1. ↑ Tewari, Yadu B.; Goldberg, Robert N.; Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics; vol. 28; nb. 10; (1996); p. 1127 - 1144
  2. ↑ Bakery Products: Science and Technology, Y. H. Hui, 2006, pag. 32
  3. ↑ http://www.scbt.com/datasheet-280193-xylitol.html

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

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