Difference between revisions of "Hexane"

From Sciencemadness Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with "{{Stub}} '''Hexane''' or '''n-hexane''' is an alkane, containing six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>. ==Properties== ===Chemical=== Hexane...")
 
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Stub}}
+
{{Chembox
−
'''Hexane''' or '''n-hexane''' is an alkane, containing six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>.
+
| Name = Hexane
 +
| Reference =
 +
| IUPACName = Hexane
 +
| PIN =
 +
| SystematicName =
 +
| OtherNames = n-Hexane
 +
<!-- Images -->
 +
| ImageFile = Hexane bottle and sample.jpg
 +
| ImageSize = 280
 +
| ImageAlt =
 +
| ImageName =
 +
| ImageCaption = n-Hexane bottle and a small sample
 +
| ImageFile1 =
 +
| ImageSize1 =
 +
| ImageAlt1 =
 +
| ImageName1 =
 +
| ImageFile2 =
 +
| ImageSize2 =
 +
| ImageAlt2 =
 +
| ImageName2 =
 +
| ImageFile3 =
 +
| ImageSize3 =
 +
| ImageAlt3 =
 +
| ImageName3 =
 +
| ImageFileL1 =
 +
| ImageSizeL1 =
 +
| ImageAltL1 =
 +
| ImageNameL1 =
 +
| ImageFileR1 =
 +
| ImageSizeR1 =
 +
| ImageAltR1 =
 +
| ImageNameR1 =
 +
| ImageFileL2 =
 +
| ImageSizeL2 =
 +
| ImageAltL2 =
 +
| ImageNameL2 =
 +
| ImageFileR2 =
 +
| ImageSizeR2 =
 +
| ImageAltR2 =
 +
| ImageNameR2 =
 +
<!-- Sections -->
 +
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
 +
| 3DMet =
 +
| Abbreviations =
 +
| SMILES = CCCCCC
 +
  }}
 +
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
 +
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
 +
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
 +
| BoilingPt =
 +
| BoilingPtC = 68.5 to 69.1
 +
| BoilingPt_ref =
 +
| BoilingPt_notes =
 +
| Density = 0.6548 g/ml
 +
| Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
 +
| HenryConstant = 7.6 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
 +
| LogP = 3.764
 +
| MolarMass = 86.18 g/mol
 +
| MeltingPt =
 +
| MeltingPtC = −96 to −94
 +
| MeltingPt_ref =
 +
| MeltingPt_notes =
 +
| Odor = Gasoline-like
 +
| pKa =
 +
| pKb =
 +
| Solubility = 9.5 mg/L
 +
| SolubleOther = Miscible with [[ethanol]]
 +
| Solvent =
 +
| VaporPressure = 17.60 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
 +
  }}
 +
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
 +
| Coordination =
 +
| CrystalStruct =
 +
| MolShape =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
 +
| DeltaGf =
 +
| DeltaHc = −4180–−4140 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
| DeltaHf = −199.4–−198.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
| Entropy = 296.06 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
| HeatCapacity = 265.2 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
 +
  }}
 +
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive
 +
| ShockSens = Non-explosive
 +
| FrictionSens =
 +
| DetonationV =
 +
| REFactor =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section6 = {{Chembox Hazards
 +
| AutoignitionPt = 234.0 °C
 +
| ExploLimits = 1.2–7.7%
 +
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/75447.pdf LabChem]
 +
| FlashPt = −26.0 °C
 +
| LD50 = 25 g/kg (oral, rat)<br>28710 mg/kg (rat, oral)
 +
| LC50 = 56137 mg/kg (rat, oral)
 +
| MainHazards = Flammable, irritant
 +
| NFPA-F =
 +
| NFPA-H =
 +
| NFPA-R =
 +
| NFPA-S =
 +
  }}
 +
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related
 +
| OtherAnions =
 +
| OtherCations =
 +
| OtherFunction =
 +
| OtherFunction_label =
 +
| OtherCompounds = [[Pentane]]<br>[[Heptane]]
 +
  }}
 +
}}
 +
'''Hexane''' or '''n-hexane''' is an alkane, containing six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula '''C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>'''.
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
Line 10: Line 119:
  
 
===Physical===
 
===Physical===
−
Hexane is a colorless liquid, with a petrolic odor. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with many other solvents. It has a melting point of −95.3 °C and a boiling point of 68.7 °C. Hexane has considerable vapor pressure at room temperature (121.26 mmHg). It has a density of 0.6548 g/ml. Hexane is flammable, with a flash point of −26.0 °C and an autoignition temperature of 234.0 °C.
+
Hexane is a colorless liquid, with a petrolic odor, similar to lighter fluid. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with many organic solvents. It has a melting point of −95.3 °C and a boiling point of 68.7 °C. Hexane has considerable vapor pressure at room temperature (121.26 mmHg). It has a density of 0.6548 g/ml. Hexane is flammable, with a flash point of −26.0 °C and an autoignition temperature of 234.0 °C.
  
 
==Availability==
 
==Availability==
 
Certain lighter fluids contain n-hexane.
 
Certain lighter fluids contain n-hexane.
 +
 +
Stoddard solvent contains n-hexane along other alkanes, which can be separated via fractal distillation. However this may require large amounts of solvent.
 +
 +
Some rubber cements contain hexane as solvent, though not all.
  
 
==Preparation==
 
==Preparation==
Line 25: Line 138:
 
==Handling==
 
==Handling==
 
===Safety===
 
===Safety===
−
Hexane is irritant to the nose and eyes. The acute toxicity of n-hexane is rather low, however it can be metabolized by the organism to hexane-2,5-dione which is toxic. Long term exposure poses a health hazard.
+
Hexane is irritant to the nose and eyes. The acute toxicity of n-hexane is rather low, however it can be metabolized by the organism to hexane-2,5-dione which is toxic. Long term exposure poses a health hazard. It's suspected to cause disruptions to the reproductive system.
  
 
===Storage===
 
===Storage===
−
Hexane must be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat or light source. Due to its high vapor pressure, it's mandatory to keep the bottle open or semi-open after being moved from a cold area to a warmer one, to prevent a dangerous build-up of pressure.
+
Hexane must be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat or light source. Due to its high vapor pressure, it's mandatory to keep the bottle open or semi-open after being moved from a cold area to a warmer one, to prevent a dangerous build-up of pressure, until the entire content of the bottle reaches the room temperature.
  
 
===Disposal===
 
===Disposal===
−
Hexane can be safely burned.
+
Hexane can be safely burned as it only releases carbon oxides and water vapor and extremely little soot.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
Line 46: Line 159:
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
 
[[Category:Nonpolar solvents]]
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]
 
[[Category:Volatile chemicals]]
 +
[[Category:Liquids]]
 +
[[Category:Essential reagents]]

Latest revision as of 14:51, 18 November 2023

Hexane
Hexane bottle and sample.jpg
n-Hexane bottle and a small sample
Names
IUPAC name
Hexane
Other names
n-Hexane
Identifiers
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
C6H14
Molar mass 86.18 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like
Density 0.6548 g/ml
Melting point −96 to −94 °C (−141 to −137 °F; 177 to 179 K)
Boiling point 68.5 to 69.1 °C (155.3 to 156.4 °F; 341.6 to 342.2 K)
9.5 mg/L
Solubility Miscible with ethanol
Vapor pressure 17.60 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
Thermochemistry
296.06 J K−1 mol−1
−199.4–−198.0 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet LabChem
Flash point −26.0 °C
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
25 g/kg (oral, rat)
28710 mg/kg (rat, oral)
56137 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Pentane
Heptane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Hexane or n-hexane is an alkane, containing six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C6H14.

Properties

Chemical

Hexane will burn in air when ignited:

C6H14 + 19/2 O2 → 6 CO2 + 7 H2O + heat

Hexane will react with bromine under UV light to yield bromohexane.

Physical

Hexane is a colorless liquid, with a petrolic odor, similar to lighter fluid. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with many organic solvents. It has a melting point of −95.3 °C and a boiling point of 68.7 °C. Hexane has considerable vapor pressure at room temperature (121.26 mmHg). It has a density of 0.6548 g/ml. Hexane is flammable, with a flash point of −26.0 °C and an autoignition temperature of 234.0 °C.

Availability

Certain lighter fluids contain n-hexane.

Stoddard solvent contains n-hexane along other alkanes, which can be separated via fractal distillation. However this may require large amounts of solvent.

Some rubber cements contain hexane as solvent, though not all.

Preparation

Hexane can be extracted by fractual distillation of gasoline, though this process is intense and time-consuming.

Projects

  • Extract oils from plants
  • Chemical reaction medium for organometallic reactions
  • N-buthyllithium storage

Handling

Safety

Hexane is irritant to the nose and eyes. The acute toxicity of n-hexane is rather low, however it can be metabolized by the organism to hexane-2,5-dione which is toxic. Long term exposure poses a health hazard. It's suspected to cause disruptions to the reproductive system.

Storage

Hexane must be stored in closed bottles, away from any heat or light source. Due to its high vapor pressure, it's mandatory to keep the bottle open or semi-open after being moved from a cold area to a warmer one, to prevent a dangerous build-up of pressure, until the entire content of the bottle reaches the room temperature.

Disposal

Hexane can be safely burned as it only releases carbon oxides and water vapor and extremely little soot.

References

Relevant Sciencemadness threads

Retrieved from "https://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Hexane&oldid=15411"