Difference between revisions of "Acetamidine hydrochloride"
(Created page with "{{Chembox | Name = Acetamidine hydrochloride | Reference = | IUPACName = Ethanimidamide hydrochloride | PIN = Ethanimidamide hydrochloride | SystematicName = | OtherNames = Ac...") |
(→Preparation) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Acetamidine hydrochloride''' is an organic chemical compound with the formula '''CH<sub>3</sub>C(=NH)NH<sub>2</sub>·HCl'''. It is the hydrochloride salt of [[ | + | '''Acetamidine hydrochloride''' is an organic chemical compound with the formula '''CH<sub>3</sub>C(=NH)NH<sub>2</sub>·HCl'''. It is the hydrochloride salt of [[acetamidine]] (acetimidamide). |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
| Line 114: | Line 114: | ||
Acetamidine hydrochloride will react with strong bases to yield freebase acetamidine. | Acetamidine hydrochloride will react with strong bases to yield freebase acetamidine. | ||
| − | Hydrolysis of the compound yields ammonium chloride and acetic acid, which occurs upon heating. If no water is present, acetamidine will decompose to acetonitrile and ammonium chloride.<ref>R. L. Shriner and Fred W. Neumann, The Chemistry of the Amidines, 1944</ref> | + | Hydrolysis of the compound yields [[ammonium chloride]] and [[acetic acid]], which occurs upon heating. If no water is present, acetamidine will decompose to [[acetonitrile]] and ammonium chloride.<ref>R. L. Shriner and Fred W. Neumann, The Chemistry of the Amidines, 1944</ref> |
Heating acetamidine hydrochloride with [[acetic anhydride]] at 185 °C yields 2, 4-dimethyl-6-acetylaminopyrimidin.<ref>https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cber.188902201333</ref> | Heating acetamidine hydrochloride with [[acetic anhydride]] at 185 °C yields 2, 4-dimethyl-6-acetylaminopyrimidin.<ref>https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cber.188902201333</ref> | ||
| Line 127: | Line 127: | ||
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
| − | Acetamidine hydrochloride, like all amidines can be prepared via the Pinner reaction. The preparation of acetamidine hydrochloride requires all reagents be very dry. Thus both acid and base desiccating agents are necessary. | + | Acetamidine hydrochloride, like all amidines, can be prepared via the Pinner reaction. The preparation of acetamidine hydrochloride requires all reagents be very dry. Thus both acid and base desiccating agents are necessary. |
| − | In a reaction flask, solution comprised of anhydrous [[acetonitrile]] and absolute [[ethanol]] | + | In a reaction flask, a solution comprised of anhydrous [[acetonitrile]] and absolute [[ethanol]] is added, and a suitable anti-suckback gas bubbling system is employed. The reaction flask is cooled using crushed ice and salt. Anhydrous [[hydrogen chloride]] gas is introduced in the system for several hours while stirring the solution. The dry HCl gas reacts with the cooled acetonitrile/ethanol to produce 1-ethoxyethanimine hydrochloride, which precipitates out of the solution. If the resulting imine HCl solidifies, it may be ground up in a mortar under absolute ethanol, before being returned in the flask. |
A solution of anhydrous [[ammonia]] in anhydrous ethanol is prepared and its concentration is determined. The alcoholic solution of ammonia is titrated to determined the concentration of ammonia from the solution. | A solution of anhydrous [[ammonia]] in anhydrous ethanol is prepared and its concentration is determined. The alcoholic solution of ammonia is titrated to determined the concentration of ammonia from the solution. | ||
| Line 147: | Line 147: | ||
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
| − | Should be diluted and poured down the drain. | + | Should be strongly diluted and poured down the drain. |
| + | |||
| + | Alternatively, it can be neutralized with a strong oxidizing solution, under controlled conditions. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:47, 28 December 2023
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Ethanimidamide hydrochloride
| |
| Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanimidamide hydrochloride | |
| Other names
Acetimidamide hydrochloride
Acetamidinium chloride Acetamidine HCl Ethanimidamide monohydrochloride Ethanimidamidium hydrochloride | |
| Properties | |
| C2H7N2Cl C2H6N2·HCl | |
| Molar mass | 94.54 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Melting point | 165–170 °C (329–338 °F; 438–443 K) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 11 g/100 ml (20 °C)[1] | |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, methanol Insoluble in acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, toluene |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Guanidinium chloride |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Acetamidine hydrochloride is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3C(=NH)NH2·HCl. It is the hydrochloride salt of acetamidine (acetimidamide).
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Acetamidine hydrochloride will react with strong bases to yield freebase acetamidine.
Hydrolysis of the compound yields ammonium chloride and acetic acid, which occurs upon heating. If no water is present, acetamidine will decompose to acetonitrile and ammonium chloride.[2]
Heating acetamidine hydrochloride with acetic anhydride at 185 °C yields 2, 4-dimethyl-6-acetylaminopyrimidin.[3]
Acetamidine can react with malononitrile in the presence of sodium ethoxide to form pyrimidines.[4]
Physical
Acetamidine hydrochloride is a hygroscopic colorless solid, soluble in water and alcohols.
Availability
Acetamidine hydrochloride is sold by chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Acetamidine hydrochloride, like all amidines, can be prepared via the Pinner reaction. The preparation of acetamidine hydrochloride requires all reagents be very dry. Thus both acid and base desiccating agents are necessary.
In a reaction flask, a solution comprised of anhydrous acetonitrile and absolute ethanol is added, and a suitable anti-suckback gas bubbling system is employed. The reaction flask is cooled using crushed ice and salt. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas is introduced in the system for several hours while stirring the solution. The dry HCl gas reacts with the cooled acetonitrile/ethanol to produce 1-ethoxyethanimine hydrochloride, which precipitates out of the solution. If the resulting imine HCl solidifies, it may be ground up in a mortar under absolute ethanol, before being returned in the flask.
A solution of anhydrous ammonia in anhydrous ethanol is prepared and its concentration is determined. The alcoholic solution of ammonia is titrated to determined the concentration of ammonia from the solution.
The ethanol-ammonia solution is slowly added to the imine HCl under stirring, which causes the imine to gradually dissolve and react with the ammonia. As the reaction advances, ammonium chloride precipitates out of the solution. Once all the NH4Cl has precipitated out of the solution, the suspension is filtered and the filtrate is carefully recrystallized by slowly heating it to drive off the ethanol. On cooling, the acetamidine hydrochloride separates in long colorless prisms. These are filtered by suction, washed with a little cold ethanol, and dried in a desiccator over conc. sulfuric acid.[5]
Projects
- Preparation of various imidazoles, pyrimidines, triazines
- Synthesis of FOX-7
Handling
Safety
There is little toxicological information for acetamidine hydrochloride, though the compound does not require special protection when handling.
Storage
In closed airtight bottles, preferably in a desiccator.
Disposal
Should be strongly diluted and poured down the drain.
Alternatively, it can be neutralized with a strong oxidizing solution, under controlled conditions.
References
- ↑ Armarego W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. - 7ed. - 2013. - pp. 104
- ↑ R. L. Shriner and Fred W. Neumann, The Chemistry of the Amidines, 1944
- ↑ https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cber.188902201333
- ↑ https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cber.188902201333
- ↑ http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV1P0005
