Difference between revisions of "Hydrazine nitrate"
(Created page with "{{Chembox | Name = Hydrazine nitrate | Reference = | IUPACName = Hydrazine nitrate | PIN = | SystematicName = | OtherNames = Hydrazine mononitrate<br>Hydrazinium nitrate <!--...") |
|||
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
| Appearance = White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid | | Appearance = White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid | ||
| BoilingPt = | | BoilingPt = | ||
| − | | BoilingPtC = | + | | BoilingPtC = 307 |
| BoilingPt_ref = | | BoilingPt_ref = | ||
| − | | BoilingPt_notes = | + | | BoilingPt_notes = (detonation) |
| Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | | Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | ||
| Formula = N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> | | Formula = N<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
| AutoignitionPt = | | AutoignitionPt = | ||
| ExploLimits = | | ExploLimits = | ||
| − | | ExternalMSDS = | + | | ExternalMSDS = None |
| FlashPt = | | FlashPt = | ||
| LD50 = | | LD50 = | ||
| Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
| − | | OtherCompounds = [[Hydrazine sulfate]] | + | | OtherCompounds = [[Hydrazine hydrochloride]]<br>[[Hydrazine perchlorate]]<br>[[Hydrazine sulfate]] |
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Hydrazine nitrate''' is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·HNO<sub>3</sub>''' or '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>'''. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives. | + | '''Hydrazine nitrate''', or more correctly but rarer used '''hydrazinium nitrate''', is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·HNO<sub>3</sub>''' or '''N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>'''. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives. |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
| Line 118: | Line 118: | ||
===Explosive=== | ===Explosive=== | ||
| − | Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm. | + | Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of [[ammonium nitrate]]. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330474244_Detonation_properties_of_hydrazine_nitrate</ref> |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| − | Hydrazine nitrate is best synthesized. | + | Hydrazine nitrate is not sold by chemical suppliers and it's best synthesized. |
==Preparation== | ==Preparation== | ||
Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of [[hydrazine sulfate]] with and aq. solution of [[calcium nitrate|calcium]], [[barium nitrate|barium]] or [[lead(II) nitrate]]. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable. | Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of [[hydrazine sulfate]] with and aq. solution of [[calcium nitrate|calcium]], [[barium nitrate|barium]] or [[lead(II) nitrate]]. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable. | ||
| − | Adding [[ammonium nitrate]] to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution. | + | Adding [[ammonium nitrate]] to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution. Vacuum may be required to remove the last traces of ammonia from the solution and to speed up the drying. |
==Projects== | ==Projects== | ||
*[[Rocket propellant]] | *[[Rocket propellant]] | ||
| + | *Energetic material | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Hydrazine nitrate is explosive. Handle it with care | + | Hydrazine nitrate is explosive and highly toxic. Handle it with care |
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 150: | ||
[[Category:Inorganic compounds]] | [[Category:Inorganic compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Nitrogen compounds]] | [[Category:Nitrogen compounds]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Hydrazines]] | ||
[[Category:Nitrates]] | [[Category:Nitrates]] | ||
[[Category:Carcinogenic]] | [[Category:Carcinogenic]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Energetic materials]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Secondary explosives]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:29, 31 July 2023
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Hydrazine nitrate
| |
| Other names
Hydrazine mononitrate
Hydrazinium nitrate | |
| Properties | |
| N3H5O3 N2H5NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 95.02 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or slightly yellowish crystalline solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.64 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 72 °C (162 °F; 345 K) |
| Boiling point | 307 °C (585 °F; 580 K) (detonation) |
| 175 g/100 ml (10 °C) 266 g/100 ml (20 °C) | |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | None |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Hydrazine hydrochloride Hydrazine perchlorate Hydrazine sulfate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Hydrazine nitrate, or more correctly but rarer used hydrazinium nitrate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4·HNO3 or N2H5NO3. It exists in two crystalline forms, stable α-type and unstable β-type. The former is usually used in explosives.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Hydrazine nitrate will burn if ignited and may even explode.
Physical
Hydrazinium nitrate is a white crystalline solid, very soluble in water.
Explosive
Hydrazine nitrate has good thermal stability. Its weight loss rate at 100 °C is slower than that of ammonium nitrate. Its explosion point is 307 °C (50% detonation) and explosion heat is about 3.829 MJ/kg. Because it has no carbon elements, the detonation products are not solid and their average molecular weight is small. Its explosive velocity has been determined to be 8,690 m/s while its sensitivity is being given the value of 7.4 Nm.[1]
Availability
Hydrazine nitrate is not sold by chemical suppliers and it's best synthesized.
Preparation
Hydrazine nitrate can be prepared by mixing aqueous solution of hydrazine sulfate with and aq. solution of calcium, barium or lead(II) nitrate. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, and the resulting filtrate is dried to precipitate out the hydrazine nitrate. Drying hydrazine nitrate is difficult, but doable.
Adding ammonium nitrate to an aq. solution of hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate) will cause hydrazine nitrate to precipitate, while ammonia will bubble out of the solution. Vacuum may be required to remove the last traces of ammonia from the solution and to speed up the drying.
Projects
- Rocket propellant
- Energetic material
Handling
Safety
Hydrazine nitrate is explosive and highly toxic. Handle it with care
Storage
Don't store it for long, use it as quickly as possible.
Disposal
Dilution in water, followed by destruction with acidified hypochlorite solution.
