Difference between revisions of "Flame test"
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| − | A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements. | + | {{Stub}} |
| + | A '''flame test''' is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements. | ||
==Procedure== | ==Procedure== | ||
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===Azure=== | ===Azure=== | ||
*Copper halides (copper(II) chloride) | *Copper halides (copper(II) chloride) | ||
| − | *Bismuth | + | *[[Bismuth]] |
===Bluish-green=== | ===Bluish-green=== | ||
| − | *Phosphates with sulfuric acid | + | *Phosphates with [[sulfuric acid]] |
| − | *Phosphorus | + | *[[Phosphorus]] |
| − | *Zinc metal | + | *[[Zinc]] metal |
===Brick red=== | ===Brick red=== | ||
| − | *Cadmium | + | *[[Cadmium]] |
===Carmine=== | ===Carmine=== | ||
| − | *Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium) | + | *[[Lithium]] (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium) |
===Crimson red=== | ===Crimson red=== | ||
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===Emerald=== | ===Emerald=== | ||
*Copper non-halides | *Copper non-halides | ||
| − | *Ytterbium metal powder | + | *[[Ytterbium]] metal powder |
===Feeble green=== | ===Feeble green=== | ||
*Ammonium | *Ammonium | ||
| − | *Antimony | + | *[[Antimony]] |
===Gray=== | ===Gray=== | ||
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===Light blue=== | ===Light blue=== | ||
| − | *Arsenic | + | *[[Arsenic]] |
| − | * | + | *[[Caesium]] |
| − | *Lead | + | *[[Lead]] |
| − | *Selenium | + | *[[Selenium]] |
===Orange=== | ===Orange=== | ||
| − | *Calcium (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) | + | *[[Calcium]] (greenish through blue glass, green through green glass, masked by barium) |
| − | *Scandium | + | *[[Scandium]] |
===Pale blue=== | ===Pale blue=== | ||
| − | *Germanium | + | *[[Germanium]] |
===Pale green=== | ===Pale green=== | ||
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===Pink=== | ===Pink=== | ||
| − | *Samarium metal | + | *[[Samarium]] metal |
===Pure green=== | ===Pure green=== | ||
| − | *Boron | + | *[[Boron]] |
| − | *Tellurium | + | *[[Tellurium]] |
| − | *Thallium | + | *[[Thallium]] |
===Purple=== | ===Purple=== | ||
| − | *Potassium chloride | + | *[[Potassium chloride]] |
===Red=== | ===Red=== | ||
| − | *Mercury | + | *[[Mercury]] |
===Red-violet=== | ===Red-violet=== | ||
| − | *Rubidium | + | *[[Rubidium]] |
===Scarlet=== | ===Scarlet=== | ||
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===Silvery-white=== | ===Silvery-white=== | ||
| − | *Aluminium | + | *[[Aluminium]] |
| − | *Chromium | + | *[[Chromium]] |
| − | *Cobalt | + | *[[Cobalt]] |
| − | *Nickel | + | *[[Nickel]] |
===Violet=== | ===Violet=== | ||
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===White=== | ===White=== | ||
| − | *Beryllium | + | *[[Beryllium]] |
| − | *Magnesium | + | *[[Magnesium]] |
===Yellow=== | ===Yellow=== | ||
| − | *Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass) | + | *[[Sodium]] (masks everything, invisible through blue glass) |
===Yellowish-green=== | ===Yellowish-green=== | ||
| − | *Barium | + | *[[Barium]] |
| − | *Manganese | + | *[[Manganese]] |
| − | *Molybdenum | + | *[[Molybdenum]] |
| − | *Vanadium | + | *[[Vanadium]] |
== Spectroscopy == | == Spectroscopy == | ||
Revision as of 21:38, 29 April 2018
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A flame test is an analytical procedure that can determine the presence of certain elements.
Contents
- 1 Procedure
- 2 Flame colors
- 2.1 Azure
- 2.2 Bluish-green
- 2.3 Brick red
- 2.4 Carmine
- 2.5 Crimson red
- 2.6 Emerald
- 2.7 Feeble green
- 2.8 Gray
- 2.9 Light blue
- 2.10 Orange
- 2.11 Pale blue
- 2.12 Pale green
- 2.13 Pink
- 2.14 Pure green
- 2.15 Purple
- 2.16 Red
- 2.17 Red-violet
- 2.18 Scarlet
- 2.19 Silvery-white
- 2.20 Violet
- 2.21 White
- 2.22 Yellow
- 2.23 Yellowish-green
- 3 Spectroscopy
- 4 References
Procedure
A flame test is carried out by placing a sample on a clean wire (commonly made out of platinum or nichrome), and placing it in a hot non-luminous flame (one that does not exhibit black-body radiation).
Flame colors
Azure
- Copper halides (copper(II) chloride)
- Bismuth
Bluish-green
- Phosphates with sulfuric acid
- Phosphorus
- Zinc metal
Brick red
Carmine
- Lithium (violet through blue glass, invisible through green glass, masked by barium)
Crimson red
- Radium
Emerald
- Copper non-halides
- Ytterbium metal powder
Feeble green
- Ammonium
- Antimony
Gray
Light blue
Orange
Pale blue
Pale green
- Antimony
Pink
- Samarium metal
Pure green
Purple
Red
Red-violet
Scarlet
- Strontium (violet through blue glass, yellowish through green glass, masked by barium)
Silvery-white
Violet
- Potassium (masked easily)
White
Yellow
- Sodium (masks everything, invisible through blue glass)
Yellowish-green
Spectroscopy
A mad scientist with a more technical bent can improve this technique by building a simple spectroscope, which decomposes the light from the flame into a spectrum. The advantages of spectroscopy is that it does not require any colored glass, all spectral lines are visible separately without them.
