Difference between revisions of "Ammonium formate"
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Revision as of 11:07, 2 July 2016
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Ammonium formate
| |
| Other names
Azanium formate
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| |
| Properties | |
| CH5NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 63.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | White hygroscopic solid |
| Odor | Slightly ammoniac |
| Density | 1.26 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 116 °C (241 °F; 389 K) |
| Boiling point | 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) (decomposes) |
| 102 g / 100 ml (0 °C) 142.7 g / 100 ml (20 °C) 202.4 g / 100 ml (40 °C) 516 g / 100 ml (80 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in liquid ammonia, diethyl ether, ethanol, methanol Insoluble in benzene |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−556.18 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | ScienceLab |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
410 mg/kg (mice, intravenous) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Ammonium formate is an organic chemical compound, an ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic solid, with the chemical formula NH4HCOO.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Heating ammonium formate will cause it to convert it into formamide:
- NH4HCO2 → HCONH2 + H2O
Further heating the formamide will cause it to decompose into carbon monoxide and ammonia, while at higher temperatures and in the presence of an acid catalyst will yield hydrogen cyanide:
- HC(O)NH2 → CO + NH3
- HC(O)NH2 → HCN + H2O
Physical
Ammonium formate is a hygroscopic white crystalline solid, soluble in water.
Availability
Ammonium formate is sold by big chemical suppliers, while smaller suppliers rarely have it in their stock.
Preparation
Ammonium formate can be made by bubbling ammonia through formic acid, though this requires lots of ammonia. An ammonium salt, such as ammonium bicarbonate can be used instead. Cooling the solution will cause the salt to precipitate. Excess water can be evaporated by carefully heating the solution, at below 115 °C, to prevent it from melting/decomposing. Filter the resulting precipitate and leave it to dry, either in open air or in a desiccator. Heating is not recommended as it will cause it to decompose.[1]
Projects
- Make formamide
- Make isopropylamine
Handling
Safety
Ammonium formate may release formic acid vapors and protection should be worn when handling the compound.
Storage
In closed bottles, away from moisture. Ammonia may be added to limit hydrolysis.
Disposal
Mixing it with an alkali will neutralize it.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
- Chemical pages without CAS Registry Number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chembox articles without image
- Chemical compounds
- Organic compounds
- Ammonium compounds
- Buffering agents
- Easily prepared chemicals
- Formates
- DEA SS List
