Difference between revisions of "Desiccant"
From Sciencemadness Wiki
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| style="text-align: center;"| High | | style="text-align: center;"| High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| Yes | | style="text-align: center;"| Yes | ||
− | | Can also be used to | + | | Can also be used to adsorb fluorides |
|- | |- | ||
| Activated charcoal | | Activated charcoal | ||
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| style="text-align: center;"| Medium | | style="text-align: center;"| Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| Yes | | style="text-align: center;"| Yes | ||
− | | Will also | + | | Will also adsorb other gasses |
|- | |- | ||
| Aerogel | | Aerogel | ||
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| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
− | | | + | | Often used in combination with sodium or potassium |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Cadmium nitrate]] | | [[Cadmium nitrate]] | ||
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| Deliquescent; often used in drying tubes | | Deliquescent; often used in drying tubes | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Calcium hydride]] | + | | [[Calcium hydride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Calcium nitrate]] | + | | [[Calcium nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Calcium oxide]] | + | | [[Calcium oxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Calcium sulfate]] | + | | [[Calcium sulfate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Low | | style="text-align: center;"|Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Very fast and efficient drying agent, but a lot of drying agent might be necessary | + | | Very fast and efficient drying agent, but a lot of drying agent might be necessary |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Cement (Portland) | + | | Cement (Portland) |
| style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | | style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Used in | + | | Used in desiccators, cannot be used directly |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Cerium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Cerium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Cerium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Cerium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Cesium]] | + | | [[Cesium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive | + | | Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Cobalt(II) chloride]] | + | | [[Cobalt(II) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Mostly used as water indicator | + | | Mostly used as water indicator |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Copper(II) sulfate]] | + | | [[Copper(II) sulfate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Low | | style="text-align: center;"|Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Mostly used as water indicator | + | | Mostly used as water indicator |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Dysprosium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Dysprosium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Dysprosium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Dysprosium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Erbium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Erbium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Erbium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Erbium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Europium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Europium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Europium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Europium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Gadolinium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Gadolinium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Gadolinium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Gadolinium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Holmium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Holmium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Holmium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Holmium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Lanthanum(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Lanthanum(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Lanthanum(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Lanthanum(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Lithium]] | + | | [[Lithium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Expensive; reaction with water releases hydrogen; least violent reaction of all alkaline metals | + | | Expensive; reaction with water releases hydrogen; least violent reaction of all alkaline metals |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Lithium bromide]] | + | | [[Lithium bromide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Lithium chloride]] | + | | [[Lithium chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride | + | | Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Luthetium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Luthetium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Luthetium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Luthetium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Magnesium]] | + | | [[Magnesium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Reaction is very slow, rarely used | + | | Reaction is very slow, rarely used |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Magnesium sulfate]] | + | | [[Magnesium sulfate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Good multipurpose drying agent; exists in powder and granular form; has the ability to absorb a lot of water | + | | Good multipurpose drying agent; exists in powder and granular form; has the ability to absorb a lot of water |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Magnesium chloride]] | + | | [[Magnesium chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Deliquescent | + | | Deliquescent |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Molecular sieves | + | | [[Molecular sieve|Molecular sieves]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Neodymium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Neodymium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Neodymium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Neodymium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Phosphorus pentoxide]] | + | | [[Phosphorus pentoxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 333: | Line 333: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Potassium]] | + | | [[Potassium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | | | + | | More often used to remove traces of water from aprotic solvents |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Potassium carbonate]] | + | | [[Potassium carbonate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | | style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Low | | style="text-align: center;"|Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Medium | | style="text-align: center;"|Medium | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Only for alkaline compounds | + | | Only for alkaline compounds |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Potassium hydroxide]] | + | | [[Potassium hydroxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | | style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic | + | | Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Praseodymium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Praseodymium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 361: | Line 361: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Praseodymium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Praseodymium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Rubidium]] | + | | [[Rubidium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive | + | | Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Samarium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Samarium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Samarium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Samarium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |Silica gel | + | | [[Silica gel]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 396: | Line 396: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sodium]] | + | | [[Sodium]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | | | + | | More often used to remove traces of water from aprotic solvents |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sodium hydroxide]] | + | | [[Sodium hydroxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | | style="text-align: center;"|Alkaline | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic | + | | Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sodium oxide]] | + | | [[Sodium oxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 417: | Line 417: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sodium sulfate]] | + | | [[Sodium sulfate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | | style="text-align: center;"|Neutral | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Low | | style="text-align: center;"|Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Used to dry solvents; Requires lots of it; only good for predrying; | + | | Used to dry solvents; Requires lots of it; only good for predrying; |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sulfur trioxide]] | + | | [[Sulfur trioxide]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Very high | | style="text-align: center;"|Very high | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Tends to form a mist of sulfuric acid in contact with moist air | + | | Tends to form a mist of sulfuric acid in contact with moist air |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Sulfuric acid]] (concentrated) | + | | [[Sulfuric acid]] (concentrated) |
| style="text-align: center;"|Acidic | | style="text-align: center;"|Acidic | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|High | | style="text-align: center;"|High | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|No | | style="text-align: center;"|No | ||
− | |Used in desiccators, cannot be used to dry solutions directly | + | | Used in desiccators, cannot be used to dry solutions directly |
|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Terbium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Terbium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 445: | Line 445: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Terbium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Terbium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 452: | Line 452: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Thulium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Thulium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 459: | Line 459: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Thulium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Thulium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 466: | Line 466: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Ytterbium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Ytterbium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 473: | Line 473: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Ytterbium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Ytterbium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 480: | Line 480: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Yttrium(III) chloride]] | + | | [[Yttrium(III) chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
Line 487: | Line 487: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Yttrium(III) nitrate]] | + | | [[Yttrium(III) nitrate]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |[[Zinc chloride]] | + | | [[Zinc chloride]] |
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"| | | style="text-align: center;"| | ||
| style="text-align: center;"|Yes | | style="text-align: center;"|Yes | ||
− | |Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride | + | | Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride |
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup>All compounds are considered anhydrous. | <sup>1</sup>All compounds are considered anhydrous. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:Drying_Agents_Chart.png|thumb|left|400px]] |
+ | |||
[[Category:Chemical compounds]] | [[Category:Chemical compounds]] | ||
[[Category:Desiccants]] | [[Category:Desiccants]] | ||
[[Category:Data tables]] | [[Category:Data tables]] |
Revision as of 16:04, 30 October 2015
A desiccant is a chemical which is hygroscopic enough to absorb water from hydrated compounds in the same sealed environment.
Common desiccants
- Calcium
- Calcium chloride
- Calcium oxide
- Concentrated sulfuric acid
- Copper sulfate (anhydrous)
- Lanthanide chlorides and nitrates
- Magnesium sulfate
- Phosphorus pentoxide
- Silica gel
- Sodium and other alkali metals
- Sodium hydroxide
- Sodium oxide
Comparison
Substance1 | pH | Water capacity | Effectiveness | Reversible | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetonitrile | High | High | Yes | Rarely used | |
Activated alumina | Medium | High | Yes | Can also be used to adsorb fluorides | |
Activated charcoal | Medium | Medium | Yes | Will also adsorb other gasses | |
Aerogel | High | High | Yes | Expensive | |
Aluminium nitrate | Medium | Medium | No | ||
Bentonite clay | |||||
Benzophenone | Often used in combination with sodium or potassium | ||||
Cadmium nitrate | |||||
Calcium | High | Very high | No | Reaction with water releases large amounts of hydrogen | |
Calcium chloride | Neutral | High | Medium | Yes | Deliquescent; often used in drying tubes |
Calcium hydride | High | Very high | No | ||
Calcium nitrate | Neutral | Medium | Medium | Yes | |
Calcium oxide | High | High | No | ||
Calcium sulfate | Neutral | Low | High | Yes | Very fast and efficient drying agent, but a lot of drying agent might be necessary |
Cement (Portland) | Alkaline | Medium | Medium | No | Used in desiccators, cannot be used directly |
Cerium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Cerium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Cesium | No | Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive | |||
Cobalt(II) chloride | Yes | Mostly used as water indicator | |||
Copper(II) sulfate | Neutral | Low | Medium | Yes | Mostly used as water indicator |
Dysprosium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Dysprosium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Erbium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Erbium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Europium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Europium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Gadolinium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Gadolinium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Holmium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Holmium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Lanthanum(III) chloride | No | ||||
Lanthanum(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Lithium | High | High | No | Expensive; reaction with water releases hydrogen; least violent reaction of all alkaline metals | |
Lithium bromide | High | High | Yes | ||
Lithium chloride | Neutral | Yes | Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride | ||
Luthetium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Luthetium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Magnesium | No | Reaction is very slow, rarely used | |||
Magnesium sulfate | Neutral | High | Medium | Yes | Good multipurpose drying agent; exists in powder and granular form; has the ability to absorb a lot of water |
Magnesium chloride | Neutral | High | Medium | Yes | Deliquescent |
Molecular sieves | High | High | Yes | ||
Neodymium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Neodymium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Phosphorus pentoxide | No | ||||
Potassium | No | More often used to remove traces of water from aprotic solvents | |||
Potassium carbonate | Alkaline | Low | Medium | Yes | Only for alkaline compounds |
Potassium hydroxide | Alkaline | High | High | Yes | Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic |
Praseodymium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Praseodymium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Rubidium | No | Expensive; reaction with water is highly explosive | |||
Samarium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Samarium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Silica gel | Yes | ||||
Sodium | No | More often used to remove traces of water from aprotic solvents | |||
Sodium hydroxide | Alkaline | High | High | Yes | Very effective for basic compounds, such as amines; caustic |
Sodium oxide | No | ||||
Sodium sulfate | Neutral | High | Low | Yes | Used to dry solvents; Requires lots of it; only good for predrying; |
Sulfur trioxide | High | Very high | No | Tends to form a mist of sulfuric acid in contact with moist air | |
Sulfuric acid (concentrated) | Acidic | High | High | No | Used in desiccators, cannot be used to dry solutions directly |
Terbium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Terbium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Thulium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Thulium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Ytterbium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Ytterbium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Yttrium(III) chloride | No | ||||
Yttrium(III) nitrate | No | ||||
Zinc chloride | Yes | Drying must be done in a stream of hydrogen chloride |
1All compounds are considered anhydrous.