Difference between revisions of "Fluorosulfuric acid"
| (2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| OtherNames = Epoxysulfonyl fluoride<br>Fluoridosulfonic acid<br>Fluoridosulphonic acid<br>Fluorinesulfonic acid<br>Fluorinesulphonic acid<br>Fluorosulfonic acid<br>Fluorosulphonic acid<br>Monofluorosulfuric acid<br>Sulfuric fluorohydrin | | OtherNames = Epoxysulfonyl fluoride<br>Fluoridosulfonic acid<br>Fluoridosulphonic acid<br>Fluorinesulfonic acid<br>Fluorinesulphonic acid<br>Fluorosulfonic acid<br>Fluorosulphonic acid<br>Monofluorosulfuric acid<br>Sulfuric fluorohydrin | ||
<!-- Images --> | <!-- Images --> | ||
| − | | ImageFile = | + | | ImageFile = Fluorosulfuric acid bottle by ChemicalForce.png |
| − | | ImageSize = | + | | ImageSize = 300 |
| ImageAlt = | | ImageAlt = | ||
| ImageName = | | ImageName = | ||
| + | | ImageCaption = Fluorosulfuric acid sample from Sigma-Aldrich. | ||
| ImageFile1 = | | ImageFile1 = | ||
| ImageSize1 = | | ImageSize1 = | ||
| Line 65: | Line 66: | ||
| pKb = 24 | | pKb = 24 | ||
| Solubility = Reacts | | Solubility = Reacts | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = Reacts with [[amine]]s<br>Soluble in glacial [[acetic acid]], [[ethyl acetate]], [[nitrobenzene]]<br>Poorly soluble in alkanes | + | | SolubleOther = Reacts with [[alcohol]]s, [[amine]]s<br>Soluble in glacial [[acetic acid]], [[ethyl acetate]], [[nitrobenzene]]<br>Poorly soluble in alkanes |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
| VaporPressure = 2.47 mmHg at 25 °C | | VaporPressure = 2.47 mmHg at 25 °C | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
| OtherFunction = | | OtherFunction = | ||
| OtherFunction_label = | | OtherFunction_label = | ||
| − | | OtherCompounds = [[Sulfuric acid]] | + | | OtherCompounds = [[Sulfuric acid]]<br>[[Chlorosulfuric acid]] |
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 112: | Line 113: | ||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
===Chemical=== | ===Chemical=== | ||
| − | Fluorosulfuric is one of the strongest known simple Brønsted acids, although carborane-based acids are still stronger. It has an H<sub>0</sub> value of −15.1 compared to −12 for sulfuric acid. | + | Fluorosulfuric is one of the strongest known simple Brønsted acids, although carborane-based acids are still stronger. It has an H<sub>0</sub> value of −15.1 compared to −12 for [[sulfuric acid]]. |
| − | Fluorosulfuric acid reacts with water to release sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid. | + | Fluorosulfuric acid reacts with water to release sulfuric acid and [[hydrofluoric acid]]. |
===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| Line 135: | Line 136: | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
Fluorosulfuric acid is considered to be highly toxic and corrosive. It hydrolyzes to release HF. Addition of water to this acid is extremely violent, much more that the addition of water to concentrated sulfuric acid. | Fluorosulfuric acid is considered to be highly toxic and corrosive. It hydrolyzes to release HF. Addition of water to this acid is extremely violent, much more that the addition of water to concentrated sulfuric acid. | ||
| + | |||
| + | An antidote for HF, such as calcium gluconate should be present when handling this acid. | ||
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:10, 8 November 2023
 Fluorosulfuric acid sample from Sigma-Aldrich.
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sulfurofluoridic acid
| |
| Other names
Epoxysulfonyl fluoride
Fluoridosulfonic acid Fluoridosulphonic acid Fluorinesulfonic acid Fluorinesulphonic acid Fluorosulfonic acid Fluorosulphonic acid Monofluorosulfuric acid Sulfuric fluorohydrin | |
| Properties | |
| HFSO3 | |
| Molar mass | 100.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Pungent |
| Density | 1.726 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −87.5 °C (−125.5 °F; 185.7 K) |
| Boiling point | 165.4 °C (329.7 °F; 438.5 K) |
| Reacts | |
| Solubility | Reacts with alcohols, amines Soluble in glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetate, nitrobenzene Poorly soluble in alkanes |
| Vapor pressure | 2.47 mmHg at 25 °C |
| Acidity (pKa) | -10 |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Sulfuric acid Chlorosulfuric acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Fluorosulfuric acid or sulfurofluoridic acid is one of the strongest commercially available acids, more specifically a superacid. It has the chemical formula HFSO3.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Fluorosulfuric is one of the strongest known simple Brønsted acids, although carborane-based acids are still stronger. It has an H0 value of −15.1 compared to −12 for sulfuric acid.
Fluorosulfuric acid reacts with water to release sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Physical
Fluorosulfuric acid is a colorless liquid that fumes in air and reacts violently with water.
Availability
Fluorosulfuric acid is sold by chemical suppliers, though it's not easy to acquire.
Preparation
Fluorosulfuric acid is prepared by the reaction of hydrofluoric acid and sulfur trioxide:
- HF + SO3 → HSO3F
Alternatively, KHF2 or CaF2 can be treated with oleum at 250 °C. After the HF is removed by sweeping with an inert gas, HSO3F can be distilled in a glass apparatus.
Projects
- Make magic acid
Handling
Safety
Fluorosulfuric acid is considered to be highly toxic and corrosive. It hydrolyzes to release HF. Addition of water to this acid is extremely violent, much more that the addition of water to concentrated sulfuric acid.
An antidote for HF, such as calcium gluconate should be present when handling this acid.
Storage
Fluorosulfuric acid should be kept in thick HDPE or PTFE bottles, in a dry place.
Disposal
Strongly dilution with cold water, followed by careful neutralization with a base. Products are sulfates and fluorides, which can be dumped in trash.
References
Relevant Sciencemadness threads
- Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
- Chemical compounds
- Inorganic compounds
- Acids
- Strong acids
- Superacids
- Mineral acids
- Oxoacids
- Fluorine compounds
- Oxidizing agents
- Corrosive chemicals
- Materials unstable in basic solution
- Materials that react with water
- Things that can kill you very quickly
- Hygroscopic compounds
- Liquids
