Difference between revisions of "Butyric acid"
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| OtherNames = 1-Propanecarboxylic acid<br>N-Butanoic acid<br>N-Butyric acid<br>Propanecarboxylic acid<br>Propylformic acid | | OtherNames = 1-Propanecarboxylic acid<br>N-Butanoic acid<br>N-Butyric acid<br>Propanecarboxylic acid<br>Propylformic acid | ||
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| − | | ImageFile = | + | | ImageFile = Butyric acid sample by NileRed.jpg |
| − | | ImageSize = | + | | ImageSize = 300 |
| ImageAlt = | | ImageAlt = | ||
| ImageName = | | ImageName = | ||
| + | | ImageCaption = Freshly prepared butyric acid | ||
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| MeltingPt_ref = | | MeltingPt_ref = | ||
| MeltingPt_notes = | | MeltingPt_notes = | ||
| − | | Odor = Rancid butter-like | + | | Odor = Rancid, butter-like |
| pKa = | | pKa = | ||
| pKb = | | pKb = | ||
| Solubility = Miscible | | Solubility = Miscible | ||
| − | | SolubleOther = Miscible with [[diethyl ether]], [[ethanol]]<br>Slightly soluble in [[Carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]] | + | | SolubleOther = Miscible with glacial [[acetic acid]], [[diethyl ether]], [[ethanol]]<br>Slightly soluble in [[Carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]] |
| Solvent = | | Solvent = | ||
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===Physical=== | ===Physical=== | ||
| − | Butyric acid is a colorless liquid, with an unpleasant odor reminiscent of rancid butter or vomit. It is miscible in water. | + | Butyric acid is a colorless liquid, with an unpleasant odor reminiscent of rancid butter or vomit. It is miscible in water and other carboxylic acids. |
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
| Line 131: | Line 132: | ||
==Handling== | ==Handling== | ||
===Safety=== | ===Safety=== | ||
| − | Diluted butyric acid has an unpleasant odor, which may induce nausea in some people. Conc. butanoic acid is harmful. Wear proper protection when handling the compound. | + | Diluted butyric acid has an unpleasant odor, which may induce nausea in some people. Conc. butanoic acid is harmful and corrosive. Wear proper protection when handling the compound. |
===Storage=== | ===Storage=== | ||
| − | + | Butyric acid should be kept in closed bottles, in a corrosive chemicals cabinet. | |
===Disposal=== | ===Disposal=== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:00, 7 September 2020
 Freshly prepared butyric acid
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Butanoic acid
| |
| Other names
1-Propanecarboxylic acid
N-Butanoic acid N-Butyric acid Propanecarboxylic acid Propylformic acid | |
| Properties | |
| C4H8O2 C3H7COOH | |
| Molar mass | 88.11 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless oily liquid |
| Odor | Rancid, butter-like |
| Density | 0.9528 g/cm3 (25 °C) |
| Melting point | −5.1 °C (22.8 °F; 268.0 K) |
| Boiling point | 163.75 °C (326.75 °F; 436.90 K) |
| Miscible | |
| Solubility | Miscible with glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether, ethanol Slightly soluble in CCl4 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.112 kPa (20 °C) 0.74 kPa (50 °C) 9.62 kPa (100 °C) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar
entropy (S |
222.2 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−533.9 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flash point | 71–72 °C (160–162 °F; 344–345 K) |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (Median dose)
|
2,000 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Propionic acid Pentanoic acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Butyric acid or butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the formula C3H7COOH.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Butyric acid reacts with bases to give butyrates.
Physical
Butyric acid is a colorless liquid, with an unpleasant odor reminiscent of rancid butter or vomit. It is miscible in water and other carboxylic acids.
Availability
Butyric acid is sold by various chemical suppliers.
Preparation
Butyric acid can be prepared by oxidizing butanol with potassium permanganate.[1]
Projects
- Make butyrate esters
- Make methyl butyrate
Handling
Safety
Diluted butyric acid has an unpleasant odor, which may induce nausea in some people. Conc. butanoic acid is harmful and corrosive. Wear proper protection when handling the compound.
Storage
Butyric acid should be kept in closed bottles, in a corrosive chemicals cabinet.
Disposal
Can be neutralized with a base. Burning it is not recommended as it may generate very unpleasant smoke.
