Difference between revisions of "1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate"
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Revision as of 17:19, 6 March 2020
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate
| |
| Other names
1,4-Dinitrooxybutan-2-yl nitrate
BTTN | |
| Properties | |
| C4H7N3O9 | |
| Molar mass | 241.11 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow clear liquid |
| Odor | Faint |
| Density | 1.52 g/cm3 (at 25 °C)[1] |
| Melting point | −27 °C (−17 °F; 246 K) |
| Boiling point | 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) (explosion temperature) |
| 0.08 g/100 ml (at 20 °C) 0.15 g/100 ml (at 60 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Cerilliant (as solution in MeCN) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds
|
Nitroglycerin Erythritol tetranitrate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (1,2,4-BTTN), also called butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), is an important military propellant, with better stability than nitroglycerin. It has the chemical formula C4H7N3O9.
While the isomer 1,2,3-butanetriol trinitrate is also known, the name butanetriol trinitrate is mostly used for the 1,2,4 isomer, as it's better studied.
Contents
Properties
Chemical
Butanetriol trinitrate explodes when subjected to high shock or strong heating.
Physical
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate is a clear yellowish liquid explosive. It is poorly soluble in water (0.08 g/100 ml), but more soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone.[2]
Explosive
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate is less sensitive to shock and heat than nitroglycerin. It has an oxygen balance of -16.6%.
Availability
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate is not sold by almost any entity and has to be made.
Preparation
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate can be made by carefully nitrating 1,2,4-butanetriol.
Projects
- Rocket propellent
- Plasticizer in nitrocellulose based propellants
Handling
Safety
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate is a dangerously and extremely powerful explosive. While less sensitive to mechanical forces than nitroglycerin, it can still be set off by a strong shock. Like all nitrate esters, it's a strong vasodilator, and exposure results in severe headaches. It's been shown that it's somewhat more toxic than nitroglycerin.
Storage
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate should not be stored for long periods of time and used as soon as possible.
Disposal
Safe detonation in a remote area is possible, though a safer method involves strong dilution in an organic solvent followed by controlled incineration, small amounts at a time.
References
- ↑ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a130875.pdf
- ↑ Jiping Liu (2015), Liquid Explosives, Springer, p. 261
