Difference between revisions of "Density"

Revision as of 20:09, 25 November 2018 (view source) Mabus (Talk | contribs) (→‎Common densities) ← Older edit		Revision as of 21:01, 26 November 2018 (view source) Mabus (Talk | contribs) (→‎Common densities) Newer edit →
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		+	| style="text-align:center;"| Sorbic acid
		+	| style="text-align:center;"| 1,204
		+	| style="text-align:center;"| At 20 °C
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	| style="text-align:center;"| 4-Aminoantipyrine		| style="text-align:center;"| 4-Aminoantipyrine

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Revision as of 21:01, 26 November 2018

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The term density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ, and sometimes the letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:

ρ = m/V

Where m = mass of the substance, V = volume.

Density is measured in g/cm³ or kg/m³.

The density of a substance is influenced by a variety of factors, such as pressure or temperature. They have little influence for most solid materials, but there's a significant effect on the density of solids and fluids.

Density is calculated depending on the type of material:

• Homogeneous materials: The density at all regions of a homogeneous object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.
• Heterogeneous materials: The density varies between different regions of the object. The density of heterogeneous materials is calculated by determining the densities of many small volumes around various locations of the said material.
• Non-compact materials: Materials such as flakes, pellets, granules or powders contain voids, such as air, water or other fluids. The density of such materials is determined by multiple methods, such as pycnometer method or mathematical expressions for various geometric shapes.

List of densities

Common densities

Material	Density (kg/m3)	Notes
Hydrogen	0.08988	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Helium	0.146	At 300 K and 101.325 kPa
Aerographite	0.2	The air inside is excluded
Ammonia (gas)	0.73	At 1.013 bar at 15 °C
Neon (gas)	0.9	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Metallic microlattice	0.9	The air inside is excluded
Aerogel	1.0	The air inside is excluded
Ethane (gas)	1.0493	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Acetylene (gas)	1.106	At 15 °C[1]
Carbon monoxide (gas)	1.145	At 25 °C, 1 atm
Ethylene (gas)	1.178	At 15 °C
Nitrogen (gas)	1.251	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Air	1.29	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Oxygen (gas)	1.308	At 300 K (27 °C)
Nitric oxide (gas)	1.3402	At standard conditions
Nitrosyl chloride (gas)	1.36	At -5.7 °C
Hydrogen sulfide (gas)	1.363	At standard conditions
Phosphine (gas)	1.379	At 25 °C
Methylamine (gas)	1.4	At atmospheric pressure
Hydrogen chloride (gas)	1.693	At standard conditions[2]
Fluorine (gas)	1.696	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Argon (gas)	1.784	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Nitrous oxide (gas)	1.8724	At 15 °C and 1.013 bar
Carbon dioxide (gas)	1.977	At 1 atm and 0 °C
Carbon dioxide (gas)	1.977	At 1 atm and 0 °C
Propane (gas)	2.0098	At 0 °C, 101.3 kPa
Dimethyl ether (gas)	2.1146	At 1 atm and 0 °C
Ozone (gas)	2.144	At 0 °C
Cyanogen	2.321	At 0 °C
Butane (gas)	2.489	n-Butane, at 20 °C and 1.013 bar
Sulfur dioxide (gas)	2.619	At standard conditions
Hydrogen iodide (gas)	2.85	At −47 °C
Chlorine (gas)	3.2	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Krypton (gas)	3.749	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Phosgene (gas)	4.248	At 15 °C
Xenon (gas)	5.894	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Sulfur hexafluoride (gas)	6.164	At 1 bar and 20 °C
Radon (gas)	9.73	0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Tungsten hexafluoride (gas)	12.4	Standard conditions
Freon 12 (gas)	36.83	Standard conditions
Hydrogen (liquid)	70	At –255 °C
Styrofoam	75	Average type of styrofoam
Hydrogen (slush)	85	At -259 °C
Hydrogen (solid)	86	At <−259.14 °C
Helium (liquid)	147	At 4 K
Balsa	200	Average density
Cork	240	Average type of cork
Pumice	250	Average density
Alfalfa (ground)	256	[3]
Diatomaceous earth (powdered)	256	At standard conditions
Pine	373
Asbestos fibers	400
Grain (oat)	410
Methane (liquid)	422.62	At 111.5 K
Ethane (liquid)	446	At 0 °C and 101.325 kPa
Lithium	535
Corn starch (loosely packed)	540	Negligible moisture
Grain (rice, rough)	580
Propane (liquid)	590	At -50 °C
Grain (barley)	620
Pentane	626.2	n-Pentane, at 20 °C
Corn starch (tightly packed)	630	Negligible moisture
Grain (millet)	640
Hexane	659	n-Hexane, at 20 °C
Methylamine (liquid)	662.4	At 25 °C[4]
Lithium borohydride	666
Ammonia (liquid)	681.9	At boiling point
Heptane	683.8	n-Heptane, at 20 °C
Hydrogen cyanide	687
Isopropylamine	689.1	At 20 °C
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane	691.94	At 20°C[5]
Acetylene (liquid)	693	At atmospheric pressure
Wood	700	Seasoned, typical
Octane	703	n-octane, at 20 °C
Oak	710	Quercus robur timber
Diethyl ether	713.4	At 20 °C
Nonane	718	n-nonane, at 20 °C
Grain (rye)	720
Grain (corn, shelled)	720
Aluminium silicate	721
Diisopropyl ether	725.8	At 20 °C
Triethylamine	727.5	At 20 °C
Decane	730	n-decane, at 20 °C
Dimethyl ether (liquid)	735	At -25 °C
Methyl tert-butyl ether	740.5	At 20 °C
Grain (rice, hulled)	750
Alum (pulverized)	753
Di-tert-butyl ether	764.2	At 20 °C[6]
Dibutyl ether	768.27	At 20 °C[7]
Grain (flax)	770
Grain (wheat)	770
RP-1	773	At 25 °C
Cyclohexane	778.1	At 20 °C
tert-Butanol	778.6	Solid, at 20°C[8]
Lithium hydride	780	[9]
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine	783	At 25°C
Acetonitrile	786	Anhydrous, at 25 °C[10]
Isopropanol	786	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Carbon monoxide (liquid)	789	At boiling point
Ethanol	789	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Acetone	790	Anhydrous
Methanol	791.5	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Diesel	800	At standard conditions
Ethanol 96%	801.38	At 20 °C[11]
Isobutanol	802	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Gasoline	803	Average type, standard conditions
Propanol	805.3	n-Propanol, at 20 °C
Methyl ethyl ketone	806	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
sec-Butanol	806.3	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Nitrogen (liquid)	808	At boiling point
tert-Amyl alcohol	809.6	At 20 °C
Butanol	809.8	n-Butanol, at 20 °C
Kerosene	810	At standard conditions, standard composition
Pentanol	814.6	n-Pentanol, at 20 °C
Formaldehyde	815.3	At −20 °C
2-Octanone	820	At 20 °C[12]
Lithium-6 deuteride	820
UH25	829	At 25°C
Acrolein	839
Limonene	841.1	Average, at 20°C
ANFO (bulk)	850	Average, at standard conditions
Triethyl borate	858
α-Pinene	858	At 20 °C
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid	860	At 20°C
Potassium	860
Xylene (mixture)	860	Mixture of isomers, at 20°C
Xylene (para)	861.04	At 20°C
Octyl acetate	863
Xylene (meta)	864	At 20°C
NaK (eutectic)	866	At 20°C; 77% K and 23% Na
Sodium ethoxide (21% EtOH solution)	868
Isopropyl nitrite	868.4
Toluene	867	At 20°C
Benzene	870	At standard conditions
Monomethylhydrazine	874	At 20°C
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine	880
Xylene (orto)	880.1	At 20°C
Alum (lumpy)	881
Butyl acetate	882.5	n-Butyl acetate, at 20°C[13]
Ethylene oxide	882.6	At 10°C
Tetrahydrofuran	887.49	At 20°C
Menthol	890	Racemic or (−)-isomer
Ethylenediamine	900	At 20°C
Grain (corn, ear)	900
Aerozine 50	900	At 25°C
Paraffin wax	900	At 20°C
Ethyl acetate	900.3	At 20 °C[14]
Mayonnaise (traditional)	910	Traditional recipe
Butter	911
Peanut oil	914
Palm oil	915
Trimethyl borate	915	At standard conditions
Ice	916.7	At 0 °C
Ethyl formate	918	At 20 °C
Lithium aluminium hydride	917
Olive oil	918
Body fat	918
Lard	919
Corn oil	922
Coconut oil	924
Soya oil	927
Nitrous oxide (liquid)	931	At 0 °C at 31.1 bar
Dimethyl dioxane	932	At 20 °C[15]
Methyl acetate	934.2	At 20 ºC
Curcumin	934.8	At 15 ºC
Pentanoic acid	939	n-Pentanoic acid, at 20 ºC
Dimethylformamide	945	At 20 ºC
Ricinoleic acid	945	At 20 ºC[16]
Butyric acid	952.8	At 25 ºC
Sodium	970
Tetralin	970	At 20 ºC
Methyl formate	980	At 20 °C
Pyridine	982.72	At 20 °C
Propionic acid	987.97
Hydrogen fluoride (liquid)	990	At 19.5 °C
Silicone	993
Milk (cow, heavy cream)	994
Anisole	995
Ammonium sulfide	997
Mayonnaise (light)	1,000
Water	1,000	At 4 °C
Chloric acid	1,000	Estimated
Saline water	1,004	(0.9% NaCl)
Phenol	1,007
Pilsner (beer)	1,008	At standard conditions
Hydrazine	1,008.5	At 20 °C
Nicotine	1,009.25	At 20 °C
Sodium dodecyl sulfate	1,010
Milk (cow, light cream)	1,012
Ethanolamine	1,016.43	At 20 °C
Aniline	1,021.7	At 20 °C
Sea water	1,025	Average density at the surface
Naphthalene	1,025.3	At 20 °C
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	1,027	At 25 °C
Acetophenone	1,028
Milk (cow, whole)	1,030	At 20 °C
1,4-Dioxane	1,032.9	At 20 °C[17]
Milk (cow, skim)	1,033
Aluminium isopropoxide	1,035
Blood	1,035
Propylene glycol	1,036.1	At 20 °C
Benzaldehyde	1,044	At 20 °C
Benzyl alcohol	1,044	At 20 °C
Acetic acid	1,050
Skin	1,050
Nitroethane	1,054
Human body (average)	1,062
Sodium borohydride	1,074
Sulfanilamide	1,080	At standard conditions
Acetic anhydride	1,082	At 20 °C[18]
Formalin	1,090	37% aqueous solution, at 25 °C
Hydrazoic acid	1,090	At 25 °C
Safrole	1,100
Nitrous acid	1,100	±0.1 kg/m3 (1.1 for maximum possible concentration)
Benzyl chloride	1,100.4	At 20 °C
Dimethyl sulfoxide	1,100.4	At 20 °C
Carbon dioxide (liquid)	1,101	Liquid, at −37°C (saturation)
Peracetic acid	1,103.7	At 20 °C[19]
Acetyl chloride	1,104
N-Allylthiourea	1,110	At 20 °C
Sodium hypochlorite	1,110
Ethylene glycol	1,115	At 20 ºC
Formamide	1,133	At 20 ºC
Triethyl citrate	1,136.9	At 20 ºC
Nitromethane	1,137.1	At 20 ºC[20]
Peracetic acid (38-40%)	1,140	At 20 °C
Hydrogen fluoride (gas)	1,150	At 25 °C
Hydrofluoric acid	1,150	At 20 °C, 48% w/w aqueous solution
Nylon	1,150
Oxygen (liquid)	1,155
Furfural	1,159.4	At 20 °C
2-Nitrotoluene	1,161.1	At 19°C
Ammonium acetate	1,170	At 20 °C
Benzocaine	1,170
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide	1,170	At 20 °C
Plastics	1,175	Approx. for PP, PETE and PVC
Dicyanoacetylene	1,176
Methyl salicylate	1,184	At 25 °C
Hydrochloric acid	1,189	At 20 °C, 38% w/w aqueous solution
Propylene carbonate	1,190	At 20 °C[21]
Methanediol	1,199
Nitrobenzene	1,199
Chromic acid	1,201
Sorbic acid	1,204	At 20 °C
4-Aminoantipyrine	1,207
Neon (liquid)	1,207	At boiling point
Methyl nitrate	1,207.5	At 20 °C[22]
Acetone peroxide	1,220	Trimer[23]
Formic acid	1,220	At 20 °C
Hydroxylamine	1,227	At 20 °C
Caffeine	1,230
Nitrocellulose	1,230
Sodium aluminium hydride	1,240
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	1,247.5	At 20 °C
Bromothymol blue	1,250
1,2-Dichloroethane	1,253.1	At 20 °C[24]
Glycerol	1,261	Standard conditions
Carbon disulfide	1,263.2	At 20 °C[25]
Benzoic acid	1,265.9	At 15 °C
Ammonium formate	1,280	At 25 °C[26]
Methyl orange	1,280
Chloric acid (heptahydrate)	1,282	T<40 °C[27]
Guanidinium carbonate	1,290	At 22 °C
Aluminium chloride (hexahydrate)	1,300
ANFO (solid prill)	1,300	Average, at standard conditions
Phenolphthalein	1,300	At 20 °C
Sodium methoxide	1,300
Methyl red	1,310
Phenanthroline	1,310
Freon 12 (liquid)	1,311	Pressurized
1,4-Benzoquinone	1,318	At 20 °C
Cellulose acetate fibers	1,320	[28]
Urea	1,320
Thioglycolic acid	1,325.3	At 20 °C
Dichloromethane	1,326.6	At 20 °C
Hexamine	1,330
Hydroquinone	1,330
Ammonium azide	1,345.9	At 20 °C
Guanidinium chloride	1,354	At 20 °C
Hydrazine sulfate	1,378	[29]
Corn syrup	1,380
Sodium amide	1,390	At 20 °C
Argon (liquid)	1,395.4	At boiling point
Pentaerythritol	1,396
Sodium hydride	1,396
Acetylsalicylic acid	1,400
Sulfur dioxide (liquid)	1,400	At -10 °C
Urea peroxide	1,400
Threitol	1,401
Chlorobutanol	1,404
Ammonium sulfite	1,410	At 25 °C
Ethylene glycol dinitrate[30]	1,419.8	At 20 ºC
Honey	1,420
Sodium sulfide (nonahydrate)	1,430
Phosgene (liquid)	1,432	At 0 °C
Boric acid	1,435
Guanidinium nitrate	1,436
Anthraquinone	1,438	At 20 °C
Nitrogen dioxide (liquid)	1,440	At 20 °C
Salycilic acid	1,443	At 20 °C
Dinitrogen tetroxide	1,445	At 20 °C
Dextrin	1,450	Average
Hydrogen peroxide	1,450	Pure, at 20 °C
Erythritol	1,450
Sodium acetate (trihydrate)	1,450	At 20 °C
Lithium hydroxide (anhydrous)	1,460
Sodium carbonate (decahydrate)	1,460
Rubidium (liquid)	1,460	At melting point
Magnesium nitrate (hexahydrate)	1,464	At standard conditions
Sodium sulfate (decahydrate)	1,464
Trichloroethylene	1,464.2	At 20 °C
Galactitol	1,466	At 15 °C
Biuret	1,467
Niacin	1,473
Sodium bisulfite	1,480	At 20 °C
Sodium metabisulfite	1,480
Chloroform	1,483.2	At 20 °C[31]
Sulfanilic acid	1,485	At 25 °C
Sorbitol	1,489
Glycolic acid	1,490	At 25 °C
Hydrobromic acid	1,490	48% w/w aqueous solution
Amatol	1,500	Average density
Ammonium carbonate	1,500	At 20 °C
Ammonium oxalate	1,500	At 20 °C
Cellulose	1,500
Starch	1,500	Compact
Fuming nitric acid	1,500
Fluorine (liquid)	1,505	At boiling point
Cement (Portland)	1,506	Average density
Calcium acetate	1,509
Lithium hydrate (monohydrate)	1,510
Sodium carbonate (heptahydrate)	1,510
Magnesium sulfate (undecahydrate)	1,512
1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate	1,520	At 25 °C[32]
Mannitol	1,520	At 20 °C
Potassium cyanide	1,520
Xylitol	1,520
Cement (Portland) clinker	1,522	Average density
Ribitol	1,525
Sodium acetate (anhydrous)	1,528	At 20 °C
Phthalic anhydride	1,530	At 20 °C
Trifluoroacetic acid	1,531	At 20 °C
Rubidium	1,532	At room temperature
Glutamic acid	1,538	L-Glutamic acid (at 20 °C)
Glucose	1,540	D-glucose
Citric acid (monohydrate)	1,542	At 18 °C
Sucrose	1,550
Calcium	1,550
Sodium sulfite (heptahydrate)	1,561
Carbon dioxide (solid)	1,562	Dry ice, at at 1 atm and −78.5 °C
Chlorine (liquid)	1,562.5	At boiling point
Magnesium chloride (hexahydrate)	1,569
Zinc peroxide	1,570
Succinic acid	1,572	At 20 °C
Phosphorus trichloride	1,574	At 20 °C
Cellulose II	1,580	Crystal[33]
Sodium dithionite (dihydrate)	1,580
Sodium sulfide (pentahydrate)	1,580
Ammonium bicarbonate	1,586
Nitroglycerin	1,593.1	At 20 °C[34]
Carbon tetrachloride	1,594	At 20 °C
Sodium cyanide	1,595.5	At 20 °C
Glycine	1,600
Guanidine	1,600	±0.1 kg/m3
Fluorescein	1,602
Ozone (liquid)	1,614	At -195.4 °C
Aluminium sulfate (octahydrate)	1,620
Monosodium glutamate	1,620	At 20 °C
Sulfur dichloride	1,621
Tetrachloroethylene	1,622	Standard conditions
Potassium hydrogen phthalate	1,636	At 20 °C
Thionyl chloride	1,638	At 20 °C[35]
Nitrogen pentoxide	1,642	At 18 °C
Phosphoryl chloride	1,645
Ascorbic acid	1,650
Nitrogen trichloride	1,653	[36]
Oxalic acid (dihydrate)	1,653
Trinitrotoluene	1,654	2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Citric acid (anhydrous)	1,665
Sodium thiosulfate	1,667
Carbonic acid	1,668
Sulfuryl chloride	1,670	At 20 °C
Calcium gluconate (pentahydrate)	1,674	[37]
Ammonium thiosulfate	1,679	At 25 °C
Magnesium sulfate (heptahydrate)	1,680
Phosphoric acid (85%)	1,685	Aqueous solution
Disulfur dichloride	1,688
Ammonium nitrite	1,690
Lead(II) acetate (decahydrate)	1,690
Urea nitrate	1,690
Fructose	1,694
Calcium hydride	1,700
Chromium(III) sulfate (octadecahydrate)	1,709
Calcium chloride (hexahydrate)	1,710
Nitroguanidine	1,710
Aluminium nitrate (nonahydrate)	1,720
Ammonium nitrate	1,725	At 20 °C
Fluorosulfuric acid	1,726
Titanium(IV) chloride	1,726
Borax	1,730
Magnesium carbonate (pentahydrate)	1,730
Mannitol hexanitrate	1,730
Sodium perborate	1,730
Tetryl	1,730
Zinc acetate (dihydrate)	1,735
Magnesium	1,740
Inositol	1,752
Methylene blue	1,757	At 20 °C
Chromium(III) chloride (hexahydrate)	1,760	At 20 °C
Picric acid	1,763
Ammonium sulfate	1.769	At 20 °C
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate	1,770	At 20 °C
Perchloric acid	1,770.3	Anhydrous, at 20 °C
Ammonium bisulfate	1,780
Potassium sodium tartrate	1,790
Tartaric acid	1,790
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate	1,800
Prussian blue	1,800	[38]
Ammonium dinitramide	1,810
Iron(III) chloride (hexahydrate)	1,820
RDX	1,820	At 20 °C
White phosphorus	1,823
Erythritol tetranitrate	1,827	Crystal density[39]
Sulfuric acid (98%)	1,830
Calcium chloride (tetrahydrate)	1,830
Magnesium carbonate (trihydrate)	1,837
Cesium (liquid)	1,843	At melting point
Sodium azide	1,846	At 20 °C
Beryllium	1,850
Calcium chloride (dihydrate)	1,850
Potassium ferrocyanide	1,850	Trihydrate
Sodium sulfide (anhydrous)	1,856
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate (hexahydrate)	1,860	At 20 °C
Chromium(III) sulfate (pentadecahydrate)	1,860
Francium	1,870	Predicted, at room temperature
Boron phosphate	1,873	BPO4[40]
Copper(II) acetate (monohydrate)	1,882	At 20 °C
Phosphoric acid (liquid)	1,885	Aqueous solution
Potassium ferricyanide	1,890
Iron(II) sulfate (heptahydrate)	1,895
Calcium nitrate (tetrahydrate)	1,896
Iron(III) sulfate (pentahydrate)	1,898
Ammonium chromate	1,900
Oxalic acid (anhydrous)	1,900
Tartrazine	1,900	Solid[41]
Bone	1,900	Average human bone
2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene	1,910
Sodium formate	1,920	At 20 °C
Sulfur (gamma)	1,920
Sulfur trioxide	1,920	Liquid
Cobalt(II) chloride (hexahydrate)	1,924
Cesium	1,930	At room temperature
Iron(II) chloride (tetrahydrate)	1,930
Ethyl iodide	1,930.8	At 20 °C[42]
Iron(II) sulfate (hexahydrate)	1,934
Cobalt(II) sulfate (heptahydrate)	1,948
Nickel(II) sulfate (heptahydrate)	1,948
Ammonium perchlorate	1,950
Potassium bitartrate	1,954
Chromyl chloride	1,960	At 20 °C
Sulfur (beta)	1,960
Sodium permanganate (monohydrate)	1,972	Standard conditions
Ammonium persulfate	1,980
Potassium chloride	1,984
Activated charcoal	2,000	Average skeletal density
Oleum (60%)	2,000
Cadmium acetate (dihydrate)	2,010	[43]
Manganese(II) chloride (tetrahydrate)	2,010	Standard conditions
Cobalt(II) sulfate (hexahydrate)	2,019
Sodium perchlorate (monohydrate)	2,020
Aluminium sulfide	2,020
Magnesium nitrate (dihydrate)	2,025.6	At standard conditions
Manganese(II) chloride (dihydrate)	2,270	Standard conditions
Ammonium bisulfite (72% aq. sol.)	2,030	At 20 °C
Phosphoric acid (solid)	2,030	At 25 °C
Potassium hydroxide	2,044	At 20 °C
Lithium nitrate (hexahydrate)	2,065
Lithium chloride	2,068
Copper(II) nitrate (hexahydrate)	2,070
Nickel(II) sulfate (hexahydrate)	2,070
Sulfur (alfa)	2,070
Zinc sulfate (hexahydrate)	2,072
Devarda's alloy (bulk)	2,080	At 20 °C
Phosphorus pentachloride	2,100	At standard conditions
Sodium percarbonate	2,100	At standard conditions
Manganese(II) sulfate (tetrahydrate)	2,107
Potassium nitrate	2,109
Lithium carbonate	2,110
Ammonium dichromate	2,115
Nickel hydrazine nitrate	2,129
Sodium hydroxide	2,130
Calcium chloride (anhydrous)	2,150
Iron(II) sulfate (pentahydrate)	2,150
Pyranine	2,150
Sulfamic acid	2,150
Sodium chloride	2,165
Sodium nitrite	2,168
Potassium bicarbonate	2,170
Potassium peroxymonosulfate	2,170	Oxone
Sodium bromide (dihydrate)	2,180
Trichloroisocyanuric acid	2.19	± 0.1 g/cm3
Ammonium permanganate	2,200	At 20 °C
Polytetrafluoroethylene	2,200
Sodium bicarbonate	2,200
Strontium nitrate (tetrahydrate)	2,200
Calcium hydroxide	2,211
Calcium carbide	2,220
Lead(IV) acetate	2,228	At 17 °C
Borosilicate glass	2,230	Average value
Tin(IV) chloride	2,230
Peroxymonosulfuric acid	2,239
Calcium chloride (monohydrate)	2,240
Potassium bisulfate	2,245
Sodium carbonate (monohydrate)	2,250
Sodium nitrate	2,257
Zinc perchlorate	2,260
Graphite	2,266
Sodium oxide	2,270
Methyl iodide	2,280	At 20 °C
Copper(II) sulfate (pentahydrate)	2,286
Calcium cyanamide	2,290
Barium peroxide (octahydrate)	2,292
Diatomaceous earth (bulk)	2,300	At standard conditions
Magnesium nitrate (anhydrous)	2,300	At standard conditions
Copper(II) nitrate (trihydrate)	2,320
Calcium sulfate (dihydrate)	2,320
Magnesium chloride (anhydrous)	2,320
Potassium chlorate	2,320
Silicon	2,330
Monopotassium phosphate	2,338	At standard conditions
Boron	2,340
Cadmium acetate (anhydrous)	2,340	[44]
Potassium metabisulfite	2,340
Red phosphorus	2,340
Magnesium hydroxide	2,344.6
Calcium hypochlorite	2,350	At 20 °C
Potassium sulfite	2,350	At 20 °C[45]
Violet phosphorus	2,360
Strontium (liquid)	2,375	At melting point
Lithium nitrate (anhydrous)	2,380
Sodium dithionite (anhydrous)	2,380
Iron(II) chloride (dihydrate)	2,390
Phosphorus pentoxide	2,390
Manganese heptoxide	2,396	At 20 °C[46]
Concrete	2,400	Average density
Krypton (liquid)	2,413	At boiling point
Potassium carbonate	2,430
Chloroplatinic acid	2,431
Dipotassium phosphate	2,440
Magnesium sulfate (monohydrate)	2,445
Cadmium nitrate (tetrahydrate)	2,450
Boron trioxide (liquid)	2,460	At melting point
Sodium chlorite	2,468
Boron silicide	2,470	B6Si[47]
Potassium persulfate	2,477
Cobalt(II) chloride (dihydrate)	2,477
Aluminium chloride (anhydrous)	2,480
Sodium hexametaphosphate	2,484
Ammonium heptamolybdate	2,498
Sodium perchlorate (anhydrous)	2,499.4
Cyanuric acid	2,500
Calcium nitrate (anhydrous)	2,504
Copper(II) chloride (dihydrate)	2,510
Sodium dichromate	2,520
Potassium perchlorate	2,523.9
Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)	2,540	At 25 °C
Lead(II) acetate (trihydrate)	2,550
Boron trioxide (trigonal)	2,550
Sodium fluoride	2,558
Sodium persulfate	2,590
Potassium antimony tartrate	2,600
Quartz	2,600
Sodium silicate	2,610
Sodium sulfite (anhydrous)	2,633
Strontium	2,640	At room temperature
Calcium perchlorate	2,651
Sodium pyrosulfate	2,658
Magnesium sulfate (anhydrous)	2,660
Potassium sulfate	2,660
Sodium sulfate (anhydrous)	2,664
Aluminium sulfate (anhydrous)	2,672
Potassium dichromate	2,676
Black phosphorus	2,690
Sodium chromate	2,698
Aluminium	2,700
Chromium trioxide	2,700	At 20 °C
Potassium permanganate	2,703
Tin(II) chloride (dihydrate)	2,710
Calcium carbonate	2,711	Calcite
Potassium hexachlorostannate	2,719	[48]
Potassium chromate	2,732
Potassium bromide	2,740
Sodium bisulfate	2,740
Potassium manganate	2,780
Scandium (liquid)	2,800	At melting point
Sodium peroxide	2,805
Silver perchlorate	2,806
Phosphoryl bromide	2,820
Magnesium carbonate (dihydrate)	2,825
Potassium ferrate	2,829	[49]
Calcium carbonate	2,830	Aragonite
Phosphorus tribromide	2,852	At 15 °C
Chromium(III) chloride (anhydrous)	2,870	At 20 °C
Chloroauric acid (tetrahydrate)	2,890
Iron(III) chloride (anhydrous)	2,898
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate	2,900
Zinc chloride	2,907
Xenon (liquid)	2,942	At boiling point
Manganese(II) sulfate (monohydrate)	2,950
Magnesium carbonate (anhydrous)	2,958
Calcium sulfate (anhydrous)	2,960
Manganese(II) chloride (anhydrous)	2,977	Standard conditions
Scandium	2,985	At room temperature
Strontium nitrate (anhydrous)	2,986
Iron(II) sulfate (monohydrate)	3,000
Copper(II) nitrate (anhydrous)	3,050
Lead styphnate	3,060	At 20 °C
Cobalt(II) sulfate (monohydrate)	3,075
Cadmium sulfate (octahydrate)	3,080
Iron(III) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,097
Barium chloride (dihydrate)	3,097.9
Chromium(III) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,100
Bromine	3,102.8	Standard conditions
Calcium chromate	3,120
Potassium iodide	3,123
Antimony(III) chloride	3,140	At 25 °C
Boron trioxide (monoclinic)	3,146
Iron(II) chloride (anhydrous)	3,160
Barium chlorate	3,180
Calcium fluoride	3,180
Barium perchlorate	3,200
Silicon carbide	3,210	All polytypes[50]
Sodium bromide (anhydrous)	3,210
Barium nitrate	3,240
Lead(II) acetate (anhydrous)	3,250	At 20 °C
Manganese(II) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,250
Copper(I) azide	3,260	[51]
Silver acetate	3,260
Diiodomethane	3,325
Barium (liquid)	3,338	At melting point
Calcium oxide	3,340
Vanadium pentoxide	3,357
Copper(II) hydroxide	3,368
Copper(II) chloride (anhydrous)	3,386
Zinc chromate	3,430
Cobalt(II) chloride (anhydrous)	3,560
Copper oxychloride	3,500
Diamond	3,510
Barium	3,530	At room temperature
Zinc sulfate (anhydrous)	3,540
Chevreul's salt	3,570	[52]
Cadmium nitrate (anhydrous)	3,600
Copper(II) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,600
Magnesium oxide	3,600
Phosphorus pentabromide	3,610
Iron(II) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,650
Sodium iodide	3,670
Caesium hydroxide	3,675
Cobalt(II) sulfate (anhydrous)	3,710
Mercury(II) thiocyanate	3,710	At standard conditions.
Strontium carbonate	3,740
Titanium dioxide	3,780	Anatase form
Cadmium sulfate (monohydrate)	3,790
Barium chloride (anhydrous)	3,856
Chloroauric acid (anhydrous)	3,900
Silver fulminate	3,938
Tin(II) chloride (anhydrous)	3,950
Strontium sulfate	3,960	At 25 °C
Caesium chloride	3,988
Zinc phosphate	3,998
Aluminium oxide	4,000	Average density
Basic copper carbonate	4,000
Iodoform	4,008
Nickel(II) sulfate (anhydrous)	4,010
Cadmium chloride	4,050	[53]
Zinc sulfide	4,090
Copper(I) chloride	4,145
Phosphorus triiodide	4,180	At standard conditions
Titanium dioxide	4,180	Brookite
Titanium dioxide	4,230	Rutile form
Cadmium azide	4,240	[54]
Yttrium (liquid)	4,240	At melting point
Cadmium carbonate	4,258	[55]
Barium carbonate	4,286
Mercury(II) nitrate (monohydrate)	4,300	At 20 °C
Nitrogen triiodide	4,300	±0.1 g/cm3[56]
Carbon tetraiodide	4,320
Silver nitrate	4,350	At 24 °C
Zinc carbonate	4,398	At 20 °C[57]
Radon (liquid)	4,400	At boiling point
Mercury(II) fulminate	4,420
Yttrium	4,472
Barium sulfate	4,490
Copper chromite	4,500
Caesium iodide	4,510
Lead(II) nitrate	4,530
Titanium	4,540
Tungsten hexafluoride (solid)	4,560	At −9 °C
Cadmium sulfate (octahydrate)	4,691
Strontium oxide	4,700
Lead(II) azide	4,710
Bismuth chloride	4,750
Selenium	4,800
Barium manganate	4,850
Barium iodide (dihydrate)	4,916
Iodine	4,933
Iron(II,III) oxide	5,000
Manganese dioxide	5,026
Bismuth sulfate	5,080	[58]
Barium iodide (anhydrous)	5,150
Cobalt(III) oxide	5,180
Antimony(III) oxide (α-form)	5,200
Chromium(III) oxide	5,220
Iron(III) oxide	5,242
Germanium	5,323
Mercury(II) chloride	5,430
Silver sulfate	5,450	At 20°C
Radium	5,500	At room temperature
Zinc oxide	5,610
Antimony(III) oxide (β-form)	5,670
Barium peroxide (anhydrous)	5,675	[59]
Barium oxide	5,720
Arsenic	5,727
Bismuth iodide	5,778
Devarda's alloy	5,790	At 20 °C
Zirconium (liquid)	5,800	At melting point
Copper(I) nitride	5,840	[60]
Gallium	5,910	At room temperature
Lanthanum (liquid)	5,940	At melting point
Copper(I) oxide	6,000
Silver carbonate	6,077
Gallium (liquid)	6,095	At melting point
Vanadium	6,100
Basic lead chromate	6,120
Lead chromate	6,120
Lead(II) iodide	6,160
Lanthanum	6,162	At room temperature
Ytterbium (liquid)	6,210	At room temperature
Tellurium	6,240
Copper(II) oxide	6,310
Bismuth phosphate	6,323	[61]
Astatine	6,350	Predicted, at room temperature
Mercury(II) sulfate	6,470	At 20 °C[62]
Praseodymium (liquid)	6,500	At melting point
Zirconium	6,520
Cerium (liquid)	6,550	At melting point
Zinc (liquid)	6,570
Zamak	6,600
Antimony	6,690
Cerium	6,770	At room temperature
Praseodymium	6,770	At room temperature
Neodymium (liquid)	6,890	At melting point
Ytterbium	6,900	At room temperature
Neodymium	7,010	At room temperature
Indium (liquid)	7,020	At melting point
Kanthal A1	7,100	Average density, standard conditions
Europium (liquid)	7,130	At melting point
Zinc	7,140	At room temperature
Samarium (liquid)	7,160	At melting point
Chromium	7,200
Promethium	7,260	At room temperature
Europium	7,264	At room temperature
Indium	7,310	At room temperature
Tin	7,310
Manganese	7,325
Samarium	7,520	At room temperature
Terbium (liquid)	7,650	At melting point
Bismuth selenide	7,700	[63]
Bismuth oxychloride	7,700	[64]
Iron	7,780	Standard conditions
Steel	7,850	Mild carbon steel, standard conditions
Gadolinium	7,900	At room temperature
Terbium(III) oxide	7,910
Mercury sulfide	8,100	At room temperature
Terbium	8,230	At room temperature
Bronze (manganese)	8,300	Average density
Lead(II,IV) oxide	8,300
Holmium (liquid)	8,340	At melting point
Dysprosium (liquid)	8,370	At melting point
Nichrome	8,400	80% nickel 20% chromium
Dysprosium	8,540	At room temperature
Thulium (liquid)	8,560	At melting point
Niobium	8,570
Brass	8,600	Average density
Erbium(III) oxide	8,640
Cadmium	8,650
Holmium	8,790	At room temperature
Bronze (phosphorus)	8,800	Average density
Einsteinium	8,840	At room temperature
Erbium (liquid)	8,860	At melting point
Bismuth trioxide	8,900
Cobalt	8,900
Nickel	8,900
Copper	8,940
Erbium	9,066	At room temperature
Polonium (alpha)	9,196
Lutetium (liquid)	9,300	At melting point
Thulium	9,320	At room temperature
Polonium (beta)	9,398
Lead(II) oxide	9,530
Lead(IV) oxide (beta)	9,550	β-PbO2[65]
Wood's metal	9,700
Bismuth	9,750
Lead(IV) oxide (alpha)	9,773	α-PbO2[66]
Lutetium	9,841	At room temperature
Rose's metal	9,850	At room temperature
Actinium	10,000	At room temperature
Molybdenum	10,220
Silver	10,500
Technertium	11,000
Mercury(II) oxide	11,140
Thallium (liquid)	11,220	At melting point
Lead	11,340
Thorium	11,700
Thallium	11,850	At room temperature
Hafnium (liquid)	12,000	At melting point
Americium	12,000	At room temperature
Palladium	12,023
Rhodium	12,410
Ruthenium	12,450
Berkelium (beta)	13,250	At room temperature
Hafnium	13,310	At room temperature
Curium	13,510	At room temperature
Mercury	13,546
Berkelium (alpha)	14,780	At room temperature
Californium	15,100	At room temperature
Protactinium	15,370	At room temperature
Tungsten carbide	15,600
Tantalum	16,600
Neptunium (gamma)	18,000	At 639 °C
Uranium	18,900
Tungsten	19,250
Gold	19,320
Neptunium (beta)	19,360	At 313 °C
Plutonium	19,840
Neptunium (alpha)	20,450	At 282 °C
Rhenium	21,020
Platinum	21,450
Iridium	22,420
Osmium	22,570
Rutherfordium	23,200	Predicted, at room temperature
Copernicium	23,700	Predicted, at room temperature
Roentgenium	28,700	Predicted, at room temperature
Dubnium	29,300	Predicted, at room temperature
Darmstadtum	34,800	Predicted, at room temperature
Seaborgium	35,000	Predicted, at room temperature
Bohrium	37,100	Predicted, at room temperature
Meitnerium	37,400	Predicted, at room temperature
Hassium	40,700	Predicted, at room temperature

Density ranges for heterogeneous materials

Material	Density value (kg/m3)	Additional notes
Activated carbon (powder)	400 - 500	Grain density
Activated carbon (skeletal)	2,000 - 2,100	Solid a.k.a. skeletal density
Agate	2,500 - 2,600
Alabaster carbonate	2,700 - 2,800
Albite	2,600 - 2,650
Aluminium oxide	3,950 - 4,100
Amber	1,060 - 1,100
Amphiboles	2,900 - 3,200
Anorthite	2,740 - 2,760
Asbstos	2,000 - 2,800
Balsa	40 - 340	Dry timber
Basalt	2,400 - 3,100
Beryllium copper	8,100 - 8,250
Biotite	2,700 - 3,100
Black powder	1,700 - 1,820	Mercury method
Black powder	1,920 - 2,080	Pycnometer
Bone	1,700 - 2,000	Human bone
Brass	8,400 - 8,730
Brick	1,400 - 2,400
Bronze	7,400 - 8,900	(8-14% Sn)
Bronze (lead)	7,700 - 8,700
Bronze (phosphorus)	8,780 - 8,920
Dynamite	1,300 - 1,510	[67]
Gasoline	710 - 770
Gelatine	1,300 - 1,400	[68]
Mineral oil (heavy)	860 - 910	At 20 °C
Mineral oil (light)	830 - 880	At 20 °C
Oak	710 - 750	Timber
Petroleum ether	600 - 800	At 20 °C
Prussian blue	1,750 - 1,810	[69]
Smokeless powder	900 - 1,000	At 20 °C
Stainless steel	7,480 - 8,050
Zeolite (analcime)	2,240 - 2,290	[70]
Zeolite (chabazite)	2,050 - 2,200	[71]
Zeolite (clinoptilolite)	2,200 - 2,440	Powder[72]
Zeolite (heulandite)	2,100 - 2,200	[73]
Zeolite (mordenite)	2,120 - 2,150	[74]
Zeolite (natrolite)	2,200 - 2,260	[75]
Zeolite (phillipsite)	2,200 - 2,242	[76]
Zeolite (phillipsite)	2,200 - 2,242	[77]
Zeolite (stilbite)	2,180 - 2,220	[78]

Density of materials at different temperatures

Air

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+727	0.340
+227	0.696
+35	1.146
+30	1.164
+27	1.161
+25	1.184
+20	1.204
+15	1.225
+10	1.247
+5	1.269
0	1.293
-5	1.316
-10	1.342
-15	1.368
-20	1.395
-25	1.423
-73	1.746
-173	3.556

Ammonia

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25 °C	1,073
+20 °C	1,170

Ammonium acetate

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+15 °C	0.73
0 °C	0,769
-33.34	0.86
-33.3	681.9
-80 °C	817

Antimony(III) chloride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+150	2,510
+25	3,140

Argon

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+27	1.449
0	1.784
-185	1,395.4

Benzaldehyde

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,044
+15	1,050

Biuret

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,456
+10	1,467

Butyric acid

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	952.8
-43	1,135

Carbon dioxide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1.799
-78	1,562

Carbon disulfide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1,262
+20	1,263.2
0	1,292.7
-186	1,539

Carbon monoxide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1.145
0	1.250
-191.5	789

Carbon tetrachloride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,594
-80	1,809
-186	1,831

Chloroform

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+60	1,394
+25	1,488.5
+20	1,483.2
-20	1,564

Chromyl chloride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+60	1,855
+49	1,873
+39	1,893
+30	1,910
+25	1,911.8
+24	1,920
+20	1,960
-47	2,052.2
-150	2,334

Dimethyl ether

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1.91855
+20	1.96
+15	1.993
+0	2.1146
-24	2.3622
-25	735

Ethyl formate

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+50	876
+45	883
+40	890.5
+35	897.1
+30	903.6
+25	910.1
+20	916.6
+15	929
+10	934
0	948

^[79]

Helium

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+27	0.164
0	0.1786
-269	147

Hydrazine

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+50	982
+25	1,004
+20	1,008.5
+15	1,014
0	1,021

Hydrogen

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+125	0.6061
+100	0.6465
+75	0.6928
+50	0.7461
+25	0.8085
0	0.08988
-25	0.9708
-50	1.0793
-75	1.2154
-100	1.3911
-125	1.6271
-150	1.9617
-175	2.4760
-200	3.3817
-225	5.5430
-250	68.747
-255	74.252[80]

Hydrogen fluoride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1.15
+19.5	991
+0	1,002

Ice

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
0	916
-50	922
-100	927

Manganese heptoxide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	2,396
-30	2,790

Methane

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	0.656
-90	162
-161.65	422.62

Methanol

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	786.6
+20	791.5
+15	796

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,170
+15	1,120

^[81]

Methyl formate

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	980
+15	987

NaK

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+100	855
+21	866

Naphthalene

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+100	962.5
+20	1,025.3
+15.5	1,145

Nitrogen

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+27	1.145
-199	808

Oxygen

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+27	1.308
-186	1,155

Pentanol

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	811
+20	814.6
+15	818

Peracetic acid (40%)

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,140
+15	1,226

Perchloric acid

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+55	1,711
+30	1,750.9
+25	1,760.8
+22	1,768
+20	1,770.3
+15	1,780
+10	1,789.2
+5	1,798.8
0	1,808.4
-5	1,818.1
-10	1,827.8
-15	1,837.3
-20	1,846.8
-25	1,856.1
-30	1,865.4
-160	2,160

^[82]

Phenolphthalein

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+32	1,277
+25	1,299
+20	1,300

Potassium hydroxide

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	2,120
+20	2,044

Phthalic anhydride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+135	1,200
+20	1,530

Silver nitrate

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+210	3,970
+24	4,350

Silver sulfate

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+660	4,480
+20	5,450

Sodium bisulfite

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+25	1,360
+20	1,480

Sulfur dichloride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,621
+15	1,628.5
0	1,656.7
-134	2,120

Thionyl chloride

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+20	1,638
+10	1,655
0	1,676

Water

Temperature (°C)	Density (kg/m3)
+100	958.4
+80	971.8
+60	983.2
+50	988.03
+40	992.2
+30	995.6502
+25	997.0479
+22	997.7735
+20	998.2071
+15	999.1026
+10	999.7026
+4	999.9720
0	999.8395
-10	998.117
-20	993.547
-30	983.854

The values below 0 °C refer to supercooled water.

References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
• http://physics.info/density/

1. ↑ http://www.megs.ca/MSDS/Pdf/Acetylene.PDF
2. ↑ O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 857
3. ↑ http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm
4. ↑ Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA16: 536 (1990)
5. ↑ Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 817
6. ↑ Navolokina, R. A.; Zil'berman, E. N.; Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation); (1980); p. 1382 -1386; Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii; vol. 16; Issue 8; (1980); p. 1629 - 1633
7. ↑ Alonso, Victor; Gonzalez, Juan Antonio; Garcia De La Fuente, Isaias; Cobos, Jose Carlos; Thermochimica Acta; vol. 543; (2012); p. 246 - 253
8. ↑ Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-392
9. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL)
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21. ↑ Porras Gutierrez, Ana Gabriela; Zeitouny, Joceline; Gomila, Antoine; Douziech, Benedicte; Cosquer, Nathalie; Conan, Francoise; Reinaud, Olivia; Hapiot, Philippe; Le Mest, Yves; Lagrost, Corinne; Le Poul, Nicolas; Dalton Transactions; vol. 43; nb. 17; (2014); p. 6436 - 6445
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24. ↑ Lide, DR (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 81st Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2000, p. 3-154
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